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wdc-climate.de:2250977 eng; USA collection UNI_HH_MI_ARKTIS1993 Christian Wetzel University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ pointOfContact Dr. Gerd Müller University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ pointOfContact 2011-06-22T14:51:05 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 ARKTIS 1993 - Air mass modification and convection in off-ice air flows over Fram Strait: meteorological measurements of the research aircraft Falcon and radiosoundings at the research vessels Valdivia, Polarstern and Prof. Multanovsky and at 4 land stations 2012-04-13 publication 1 UNI_HH_MI_ARKTIS1993 doi:10.1594/WDCC/UNI_HH_MI_ARKTIS1993 Dr. Gerd Müller University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ Email: gerd.mueller@zmaw.de originator Prof. Dr. Helmut Jeske University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ Email: jeske@dkrz.de author Gottfried Kruspe Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ author Prof. Dr. Burghard Brümmer University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ Email: burghard.bruemmer@zmaw.de author Andrey P. Nagurny Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute http://www.aari.nw.ru Email: nagurny@aari.nw.ru author Dr. Gerd Müller University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ Email: gerd.mueller@zmaw.de author Christian Wetzel University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ Email: christian.wetzel@zmaw.de author Prof. Dr. Burghard Brümmer University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ Email: burghard.bruemmer@zmaw.de principalInvestigator WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher The field experiment ARKTIS 1993 was the third one in a series of experiments in the Arctic region performed by a group of climate researchers from Hamburg. The campaign took place in the Greenland Sea west of Spitsbergen from 1 to 25 March 1993. The preceding experiments were ARKTIS 1988 (5 - 25 May 1988) in the same geographic region and ARKTIS 1991 (20 February - 13 March 1991) located between North Norway and Bear Island. The main objective of ARKTIS 1993 was the investigation of cold air outbreaks from the Arctic sea ice onto the open water, in this case the West Spitsbergen current. To get a concise picture of all stages of boundary layer modification in cold air outbreaks a wide variety of measurement platforms was employed. Three reseach vessels (Polarstern, Valdivia, Prof. Multanovsky) operated in the experimental area providing surface observations and radiosonde data. Aerological data was also collected at three land stations (Bear Island, Danmarkshavn, Ny Alesund) which intensified their operational radiosonde program. Most essential measurement were taken by the research aircraft Falcon and DO-128 which took profiles and cross sections within the air flow. Eleven flight missions were performed. Dr. Gerd Müller University of Hamburg http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/ pointOfContact tar-File(s) tar of ascii arctic buoy ice observational data radiosonde ship scientific use: For scientific use only eng; USA -20.0 20.0 71.0 82.0 calendrical 1993-03-01 1993-03-25 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled wind_from_direction Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree time time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled time time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1 air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 humidity_mixing_ratio Humidity mixing ratio of a parcel of moist air is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1 air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m upward_latent_heat_flux_in_air "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Guidelines for construction] [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 upward_sensible_heat_flux_in_air "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Guidelines for construction] [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1 dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled wind_from_direction Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 time time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m wind_from_direction Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree time time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1 wind_from_direction Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled wind_from_direction Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled wind_from_direction Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree time time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa time time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s wind_from_direction Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree time time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s latitude latitude [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree_north longitude longitude [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree_east specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: g kg-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: hPa height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m time time [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s wind_from_direction Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) In meteorological reports, the direction of the wind vector is usually (but not always) given as the direction from which it is blowing (wind_from_direction) (westerly, northerly, etc.). In other contexts, such as atmospheric modelling, it is often natural to give the direction in the usual manner of vectors as the heading or the direction to which it is blowing (wind_to_direction) (eastward, southward, etc.) "from_direction" is used in the construction X_from_direction and indicates the direction from which the velocity vector of X is coming. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degree tar-File(s) tar of ascii 54 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=UNI_HH_MI_ARKTIS1993 information collection n/a None n/a None