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oai:wdcc.dkrz.de:iso_2444955 2026-04-05T23:07:57Z iso-wdcc-doi

wdc-climate.de:2444955 eng; USA collection coastDat-2_COSMO-CLM Dr. Beate Geyer Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon https://hereon.de/ pointOfContact Dr. Beate Geyer Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon https://hereon.de/ pointOfContact 2013-03-13T12:56:08 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 coastDat-2 COSMO-CLM Atmospheric Reconstruction 2013-09-16 publication 1 coastDat-2_COSMO-CLM doi:10.1594/WDCC/coastDat-2_COSMO-CLM Dr. Beate Geyer Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled Email: beate.geyer@hereon.de principalInvestigator Dr. Beate Geyer Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled Email: beate.geyer@hereon.de author Dr. Burkhardt Rockel Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled Email: Burkhardt.Rockel@hzg.de author WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher This is an atmospheric hourly hindcast for Western Europe and the North Atlantic using COSMO-CLM version 4.8_clm_11 with spectral nudging from 1948-2012. The model uses a rotated grid with 254 x 248 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.22 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 170 W, 35 N. In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 30.44 W to 25.22 E, 25.72 S to 28.62 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 68 W to 82 E, 25.6 N to 81.4 N. Dr. Beate Geyer Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon https://hereon.de/ pointOfContact NetCDF COSMO-CLM climate simulation coastdat hindcasting regional modelling scientific use: For scientific use only eng; USA -68.2 82.8 25.6 81.4 calendrical 1948-01-01 2015-08-31 coriolis_parameter coriolis parameter [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s-1 surface_geopotential The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 s-2 u_v_wind-at20m U and V-component of 10m wind; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_liquid_water "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downwelling_photosynthetic_radiative_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". Radiative flux is the sum of shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes. "Photosynthetic" radiation is the part of the spectrum which is used in photosynthesis e.g. 300-700 nm. The range of wavelengths could be specified precisely by the bounds of a coordinate of radiation_wavelength. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_diffuse_upward_shortwave_flux_in_air diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 toa_downward_shortwave_flux toa_downward_shortwave_flux; unit: W m-2 surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 altitude Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_roughness_length The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_downward_eastward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward eastward" indicates the ZX component of a tensor. A downward eastward stress is a downward flux of eastward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium eastward and the upper medium westward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downward_longwave_flux 3-h accum. LW down flux surface; unit: W m-2 soil_temperature-atSurface Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: K subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 area_fraction-ofForest (area:grid box) "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of area_fraction, provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of land_cover or surface_cover. Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name of scalar coordinate variable of forest]; unit: not filled duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s surface_diffuse_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m wind_from_direction-at10m [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: not filled air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_water_content cloud condensed water content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 boundary layer height boundary layer height; unit: m dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_specific_convective_available_potential_energy "specific" means per unit mass. Potential energy is the sum of the gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the centripetal potential energy. (The geopotential is the specific potential energy.) Convective(ly) available potential energy is often abbreviated as "CAPE".[CF-Standard Name]; unit: J kg-1 surface_downward_shortwave_flux_direct direct downward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 area_fraction-ofForest (area:grid box) "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of area_fraction, provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of land_cover or surface_cover. Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name of scalar coordinate variable of forest]; unit: not filled large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_longwave_flux_in_air (upward) upward lw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downward_northward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward northward" indicates the ZY component of a tensor. A downward northward stress is a downward flux of northward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium northward and the upper medium southward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_altitude The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 soil_type A variable with the standard name of soil_type contains strings which indicate the character of the soil e.g. clay. These strings have not yet been standardised. Alternatively, the data variable may contain integers which can be translated to strings using flag_values and flag_meanings attributes.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 NetCDF 9403381 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=coastDat-2_COSMO-CLM information collection n/a None n/a None