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wdc-climate.de:2623936 eng; USA collection NFCBe8 Dr. Michael Lautenschlager Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum http://www.dkrz.de/ pointOfContact Keith Lindsay National Center for Atmospheric Research http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/ pointOfContact 2019-07-02T10:57:30 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 CESM1-BGC model output prepared for CMIP5 ESM RCP8.5, served by ESGF 2013-10-17 publication 1 NFCBe8 doi:10.1594/WDCC/CMIP5.NFCBe8 Keith Lindsay National Center for Atmospheric Research http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/ Email: klindsay@ucar.edu author WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher "esmrcp85" is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 5.3 esmrcp85 (5.3 ESM RCP8.5): Future projection (2006-2100) forced by RCP8.5. As in experiment 4.2_RCP8.5 but emissions-forced (with atmospheric CO2 determined by the model itself). Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc. Keith Lindsay National Center for Atmospheric Research http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/ pointOfContact NetCDF CESM1-BGC CMIP5 IPCC IPCC-AR5 IPCC-DDC WGI climate simulation esmrcp85 unrestricted: unrestricted eng; USA 0.0 360.0 -90.0 90.0 proleptic_gregorian 2006-01-01 2100-12-31 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_organic_carbon_in_sea_water "Mole concentration" means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Organic carbon" describes a family of chemical species and is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 cell_thickness Ocean Model Cell Thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_altitude The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m sea_floor_depth_below_geoid Sea Floor Depth [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K integral_wrt_depth_of_tendency_of_sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent_due_to_biological_processes cf:Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. 'sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent' is the total alkalinity equivalent concentration (including carbonate, nitrogen, silicate, and borate components). The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'wrt' means with respect to. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_diatoms_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Diatoms expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon from the diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica.Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K mole_concentration_of_calcareous_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Calcareous Phytoplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from calcareous (calcite-producing) phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. 'Calcareous phytoplankton' are phytoplankton that produce calcite. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. Calcite is a mineral that is a polymorphof calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of calcite is CaCO3. Standard names also existfor aragonite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The Lagrangian tendency of a quantity is its rate of change following the motion of the fluid, also called the "material derivative" or "convective derivative". The Lagrangian tendency of air pressure, often called "omega", plays the role of the upward component of air velocity when air pressure is being used as the vertical coordinate. If the vertical air velocity is upwards, it is negative when expressed as a tendency of air pressure; downwards is positive.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphorus tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphorus [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 medium_soil_pool_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Medium Soil Pool Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: medium is meant as lifetime of more than than 10 years and less than 100 years for reference climate conditions (20 C, no water limitations) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. "Soil carbon" is the organic matter present in soil quantified by the mass of carbon it contains. Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organic matter decays. The decay process takes varying amounts of time depending on the composition of the organic matter, the temperature and the availability of moisture. A carbon "soil pool" means the carbon contained in organic matter which has a characteristic period over which it decays and releases carbon into the atmosphere. "Medium soil pool" refers to the decay of organic matter in soil with a characteristic period of between ten and one hundred years under reference climate conditions of a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and no water limitations. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 soil_carbon_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 ocean_mass_x_transport Ocean Mass X Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_fixation tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_fixation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 net_primary_productivity_of_carbon_accumulated_in_roots Carbon Mass Flux due to NPP Allocation to Roots Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: This is the rate of carbon uptake by roots due to NPP Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_accumulated_in_roots [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mass_concentration_of_calcareous_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Mass Concentration of Calcareous Phytoplankton expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll concentration from the calcite-producing phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mass concentration' means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. 'Calcareous phytoplankton' are phytoplankton that produce calcite. Calcite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of calcite is CaCO3. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 upward_ocean_mass_transport Upward Ocean Mass Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_nitrogen_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Inorganic nitrogen' describes a family of chemical species which, in an ocean model, usually includes nitrite, nitrate and ammonium which act as nitrogen nutrients. 'Inorganic nitrogen' is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_water_mass Sea Water Mass [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m ocean_volume Ocean Grid-Cell Volume [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m3 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_water_potential_temperature sea_water_potential_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_diazotrophs Net Primary Mole Productivity of Carbon by Diazotrophs Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_mole_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_by_diazotrophs [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sea_water_salinity sea_water_salinity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downward_y_stress surface_downward_y_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_in_air Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-6 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water_at_shallowest_local_minimum_in_vertical_profile mole_concentration_of_dissolved_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water_at_shallowest_local_minimum_in_vertical_profile [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_water_potential_temperature sea_water_potential_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 ocean_barotropic_mass_streamfunction Ocean Barotropic Mass Streamfunction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 square_of_sea_surface_height_above_geoid Square of Sea Surface Height Above Geoid [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K square_of_upward_ocean_mass_transport Square of Upward Ocean Mass Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg2 s-2 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 integral_wrt_depth_of_tendency_of_sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent integral_wrt_depth_of_tendency_of_sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 soot_content_of_surface_snow soot_content_of_surface_snow [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upward_carbon_mass_flux_due_to_plant_respiration_for_biomass_growth Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Growth Autotrophic Respiration on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Plant respiration is the sum of respiration by parts of plants both above and below the soil. Plants which photosynthesise are autotrophs i.e."producers" of the biomass which they respire from inorganic precursors using sunlight for energy. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_phytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water Phytoplankton Silica Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: sum of phytoplankton silica component concentrations Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_basal_melting tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_basal_melting [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_water_potential_density Sea Water Potential Density [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 carbon_content_of_products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change Carbon Mass in Products of Land Use Change Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change" means the different end-products of wood that has been removed from the environment by deforestation. Examples are paper, cardboard, furniture and timber for construction. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites. "Anthropogenic" means influenced, caused, or created by human activity. [CF-Standard Name] cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change" means the different end-products of wood that has been removed from the environment by deforestation. Examples are paper, cardboard, furniture and timber for construction. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites. "Anthropogenic" means influenced, caused, or created by human activity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_surface_melting tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_surface_melting [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downward_x_stress surface_downward_x_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 sea_surface_height_above_geoid sea_surface_height_above_geoid [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m net_downward_shortwave_flux_at_sea_water_surface net_downward_shortwave_flux_at_sea_water_surface [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 slow_soil_pool_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Slow Soil Pool Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: fast is meant as lifetime of more than 100 years for reference climate conditions (20 C, no water limitations) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. "Soil carbon" is the organic matter present in soil quantified by the mass of carbon it contains. Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organic matter decays. The decay process takes varying amounts of time depending on the composition of the organic matter, the temperature and the availability of moisture. A carbon "soil pool" means the carbon contained in organic matter which has a characteristic period over which it decays and releases carbon into the atmosphere. "Slow soil pool" refers to the decay of organic matter in soil with a characteristic period of more than a hundred years under reference climate conditions of a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and no water limitations. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 compressive_strength_of_sea_ice compressive_strength_of_sea_ice [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-1 ocean_mass_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon ocean_mass_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 moisture_content_of_soil_layer moisture_content_of_soil_layer [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_organic_carbon_in_sea_water "Mole concentration" means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Organic carbon" describes a family of chemical species and is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_anthropogenic_land_use_change surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_anthropogenic_land_use_change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_snow_conversion [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 miscellaneous_living_matter_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Other Living Compartments on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: e.g., labile, fruits, reserves, etc. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Miscellaneous living matter" means all those parts of living vegetation that are not leaf, wood, root or other separately named components. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_calcareous_phytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_carbon_dioxide_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air surface_carbon_dioxide_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_downward_heat_flux_in_snow surface_downward_heat_flux_in_snow [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 soil_moisture_content_at_field_capacity "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. The field capacity of soil is the maximum content of water it can retain against gravitational drainage. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 water_evaporation_flux_from_soil Water means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called sublimation.) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon surface_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 convection_time_fraction convection_time_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 net_primary_productivity_of_carbon_accumulated_in_leaves Carbon Mass Flux due to NPP Allocation to Leaf Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: This is the rate of carbon uptake by leaves due to NPP Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_accumulated_in_leaves [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downward_x_stress surface_downward_x_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 vegetation_carbon_content vegetation_carbon_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 sea_water_salinity sea_water_salinity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 ocean_meridional_overturning_mass_streamfunction Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Streamfunction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_nitrogen tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_nitrogen [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_fires_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_fires_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 wood_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Wood Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: including sapwood and hardwood. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 liquid_water_content_of_snow_layer "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_denitrification_and_sedimentation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 land_ice_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Land ice" means glaciers, ice-caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 net_primary_productivity_of_carbon Net primary productivity is the excess of gross_primary_producivity (rate of synthesis of biomass per unit area from inorganic precursors by autotrophs, or "producers", especially by photosynthesising plants using sunlight for energy) over the rate at which they themselves respire some of this biomass (plant_respiration, assuming all producers to be plants). "Productivity of carbon" refers to the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_frazil_ice_accumulation_in_leads tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_frazil_ice_accumulation_in_leads [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_picophytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Picophytoplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from the picophytoplankton (<2 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 heterotrophic_respiration_carbon_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_fraction_of_cloud_ice_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sea_surface_temperature Sea surface temperature is usually abbreviated as "SST". It is the temperature of sea water near the surface (including the part under sea-ice, if any), and not the skin temperature, whose standard name is surface_temperature. For the temperature of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_temperature with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K leaf_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Leaves Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 net_downward_radiative_flux_at_top_of_atmosphere_model Net Downward Flux at Top of Model [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_partial_pressure_of_carbon_dioxide_in_sea_water surface_partial_pressure_of_carbon_dioxide_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa sea_water_age_since_surface_contact Sea Water Age Since Surface Contact [CF-Standard Name]; unit: yr mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 soil_temperature Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K leaf_area_index "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_iron_in_sea_water cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 wood_debris_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Coarse Woody Debris Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Wood debris" means dead organic matter composed of coarse wood. It is distinct from litter. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ); unit: mol m-3 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_phosphate_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. . [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 net_primary_productivity_of_carbon_accumulated_in_wood Carbon Mass Flux due to NPP Allocation to Wood Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: This is the rate of carbon uptake by wood due to NPP Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_accumulated_in_wood [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Calcite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of calcite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for aragonite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_downward_eastward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward eastward" indicates the ZX component of a tensor. A downward eastward stress is a downward flux of eastward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium eastward and the upper medium westward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 minimum_depth_of_aragonite_undersaturation_in_sea_water Aragonite Saturation Depth Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: "Depth of aragonite saturation horizon (0 if < surface, ""missing"" if > bottom, if two, then the shallower)" Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. 'Undersaturation' means that a solution is unsaturated with respect to a solute. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. The "minimum depth of undersaturation", sometimes called the "saturation horizon", is the shallowest depth at which a body of water is an undersaturated solution of a named solute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 shallow_convection_time_fraction shallow_convection_time_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_silicon tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_silicon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_silicon_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_silicon_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_surface_salinity The unit of salinity is PSU, which is dimensionless. The units attribute should be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand if salinity is in PSU. Sea surface salinity is often abbreviated as "SSS". For the salinity of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_salinity with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downward_y_stress surface_downward_y_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 mass_concentration_of_diazotrophs_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Mass Concentration of Diazotrophs expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll concentration from the diazotrophic phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mass concentration' means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation Mole Concentration of Aragonite expressed as Carbon in Sea Water at Saturation Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. Mole concentration at saturation means the mole concentration in a saturated solution.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 sea_area_fraction Sea Area Fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K transpiration_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation Mole Concentration of Aragonite expressed as Carbon in Sea Water at Saturation Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. Mole concentration at saturation means the mole concentration in a saturated solution.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mass_fraction_of_cloud_liquid_water_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_iron tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_iron [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 rainfall_flux rainfall_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 upward_x_stress_at_sea_ice_base upward_x_stress_at_sea_ice_base [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 divergence_of_sea_ice_velocity Strain Rate Divergence of Sea Ice Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table OImon: Monthly Mean Ocean Cryosphere Fields Comment in standard_output document: "When computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the area of sea ice, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights. Reported as ""missing"" in regions free of sea ice. " Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"[horizontal_]divergence_of_X" means [horizontal] divergence of a vector X; if X does not have a vertical component then "horizontal" should be omitted. A velocity is a vector quantity. Sea ice velocity is defined as a two-dimensional vector, with no vertical component. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: s-1 minimum_depth_of_calcite_undersaturation_in_sea_water minimum_depth_of_calcite_undersaturation_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m carbon_mass_flux_into_soil_from_litter Total Carbon Mass Flux from Litter to Soil Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Litter" is dead plant material in or above the soil. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_sea_water_velocity sea_water_y_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 gross_primary_productivity_of_carbon Gross primary productivity is the rate of synthesis of biomass per unit area from inorganic precursors by autotrophs, especially by photosynthesising plants using sunlight for energy. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is net_primary_producivity. "Productivity of carbon" refers to the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_diatoms_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll from diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mass concentration' means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B containedin A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_picophytoplankton Net Primary Mole Productivity of Carbon by Picophytoplankton Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_mole_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_by_picophytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_due_to_nitrate_utilization [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 depth_at_shallowest_local_minimum_in_vertical_profile_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water depth_at_shallowest_local_minimum_in_vertical_profile_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_congelation_ice_accumulation tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_congelation_ice_accumulation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ); unit: mol m-3 ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_mixing_scheme Monthly Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness De?ned by Mixing Scheme [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_iron_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic iron' means iron ions, in oxidation states of both Fe2+ and Fe3+, in solution. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 ocean_mass_y_transport Ocean Mass Y Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 sea_ice_area_fraction sea_ice_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 ocean_meridional_overturning_mass_streamfunction_due_to_bolus_advection Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Streamfunction due to Bolus Advection [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 surface_upward_carbon_mass_flux_due_to_plant_respiration_for_biomass_maintenance Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Maintenance Autotrophic Respiration on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Plant respiration is the sum of respiration by parts of plants both above and below the soil. Plants which photosynthesise are autotrophs i.e."producers" of the biomass which they respire from inorganic precursors using sunlight for energy. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_phosphate_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. . [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 upward_y_stress_at_sea_ice_base upward_y_stress_at_sea_ice_base [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_diatoms [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 moisture_content_of_soil_layer moisture_content_of_soil_layer [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 litter_carbon_flux "Litter carbon" is dead inorganic material in or above the soil quantified as the mass of carbon which it contains. The litter carbon flux is the rate of production of litter. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_silicon_in_sea_water cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 water_evaporation_flux_from_canopy Evaporation from Canopy [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_concentration_of_picophytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Mass Concentration of Picophytoplankton expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll concentration from the picophytoplankton (<2 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 litter_carbon_content Carbon in Litter Pool [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mole_concentration_of_diazotrophs_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Diazotrophs Expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from the diazotrophic phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphorus_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic phosphorus/phosphate' means phosphate ions in solution. The chemical formula of the phosphate anion is PO4 with a charge of minus three. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 plant_respiration_carbon_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_sea_water_velocity sea_water_x_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 precipitation_flux_onto_canopy Precipitation onto Canopy [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 fast_soil_pool_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Fast Soil Pool Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: fast is meant as lifetime of less than 10 years for reference climate conditions (20 C, no water limitations). Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. "Soil carbon" is the organic matter present in soil quantified by the mass of carbon it contains. Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organic matter decays. The decay process takes varying amounts of time depending on the composition of the organic matter, the temperature and the availability of moisture. A carbon "soil pool" means the carbon contained in organic matter which has a characteristic period over which it decays and releases carbon into the atmosphere. "Fast soil pool" refers to the decay of organic matter in soil with a characteristic period of less than ten years under reference climate conditions of a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and no water limitations. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_silicon_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic silicon/silicate' means silicate ions in solution. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downward_mole_flux_of_molecular_oxygen surface_downward_mole_flux_of_molecular_oxygen [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic carbon' describes a family of chemical species in solution, including carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and the carbonate and bicarbonate anions. 'Dissolved inorganic carbon' is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_ice_thickness sea_ice_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_downward_northward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward northward" indicates the ZY component of a tensor. A downward northward stress is a downward flux of northward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium northward and the upper medium southward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 NetCDF 564974 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=NFCBe8 information collection