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wdc-climate.de:2761480 eng; USA collection IPIL95 Dr. Michael Lautenschlager Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum http://www.dkrz.de/ pointOfContact Dr. Michael Lautenschlager Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum http://www.dkrz.de/ pointOfContact Sonia Labetoulle Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ pointOfContact 2019-07-02T10:57:30 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 IPSL-CM5A-LR model output prepared for CMIP5 decadal1995 experiment, served by ESGF 2016-01-07 publication 1 IPIL95 doi:10.1594/WDCC/CMIP5.IPIL95 Arnaud Caubel Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: arnaud.caubel@lsce.ipsl.fr principalInvestigator Sonia Labetoulle Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: sonia.labetoulle@ipsl.jussieu.fr author Sébastien Denvil Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: sebastien.denvil@ipsl.jussieu.fr author Marie-Alice Foujols Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: marie-alice.foujols@ipsl.jussieu.fr author Arnaud Caubel Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: arnaud.caubel@lsce.ipsl.fr author Olivier Marti Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: olivier.marti@lsce.ipsl.fr author Dr. Jean-Louis Dufresne Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: jean-louis.dufresne@lmd.jussieu.fr author Laurent Bopp Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: laurent.bopp@lsce.ipsl.fr author Patricia Cadule Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: patricia.cadule@ipsl.jussieu.fr author Christian Ethé Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: christian.ethe@ipsl.jussieu.fr author Abderrahmane Idelkadi Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: abderrahmane.idelkadi@lmd.jussieu.fr author Martial Mancip Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: martial.mancip@ipsl.jussieu.fr author Sébastien Masson Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: sebastien.masson@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr author Juliette Mignot Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: juliette.mignot@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr author Ionela Musat Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: ionela.musat@lmd.jussieu.fr author Yves Balkanski Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: yves.balkanski@lsce.ipsl.fr author Slimane Bekki Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: slimane.bekki@latmos.ipsl.fr author Sandrine Bony Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: sandrine.bony@lmd.jussieu.fr author Pascale Braconnot Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: pascale.braconnot@lsce.ipsl.fr author Patrick Brockman Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: patrick.brockman@lsce.ipsl.fr author Francis Codron Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: francis.codron@lmd.jussieu.fr author Anne Cozic Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: anne.cozic@lsce.ipsl.fr author David Cugnet Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: david.cugnet@lmd.ens.fr author Laurent Fairhead Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: laurent.fairhead@lmd.jussieu.fr author Thierry Fichefet Université Catholique de Louvain not filled Email: thierry.fichefet@uclouvain.be author Simona Flavoni Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: simona.flavoni@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr author Lionel Guez Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: lionel.guez@lmd.ens.fr author Eric Guilyardi Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: eric.guilyardi@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr author Frédéric Hourdin Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: frederic.hourdin@lmd.jussieu.fr author Josefine Ghattas Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: josefine.ghattas@ipsl.jussieu.fr author Masa Kageyama Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: Masa.Kageyama@lsce.ipsl.fr author Myriam Khodri Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: myriam.khodri@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr author Marie-Pierre Lefebvre Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: marie-pierre.lefebvre@lmd.jussieu.fr author Claire Levy Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: claire.levy@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr author Laurent Li Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: laurent.li@lmd.jussieu.fr author Francois Lott Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: francois.lott@lmd.ens.fr author Gurvan Madec Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: gurvan.madec@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr author Marion Marchand Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: marion.marchand@latmos.ipsl.fr author Yann Meurdesoif Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: yann.meurdesoif@lsce.ipsl.fr author Catherine Rio Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: catherine.rio@lmd.jussieu.fr author Michael Schulz Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: michael.schulz@lsce.ipsl.fr author Didier Swingedouw Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: didier.swingedouw@lsce.ipsl.fr author Sophie Szopa Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: sophie.szopa@lsce.ipsl.fr author Nicolas Viovy Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: nicolas.viovy@lsce.ipsl.fr author Nicolas Vuichard Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ Email: nicolas.vuichard@lsce.ipsl.fr author WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher decadal1995 is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5 ). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 1.1 decadal1995 (1.1 10-year hindcast/prediction initialized in year 1995) - Version 1: The atmospheric composition (and other conditions) should be prescribed as in the historical run (expt. 3.2) and the RCP4.5 scenario (expt. 4.1) of the long-term suite of experiments. Ocean initial conditions should be in some way representative of the observed anomalies or full fields for the start date. Land, sea-ice and atmosphere initial conditions are left to the discretion of each group. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax ( https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf ) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc . Sonia Labetoulle Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace / Centre National de Recherche Scientifique http://icmc.ipsl.fr/ pointOfContact NetCDF CMIP5 IPCC IPCC-AR5 IPCC-DDC IPSL IPSL-CM5A-LR WGI climate simulation decadal1995 unrestricted: unrestricted eng; USA 0.0 360.0 -90.0 90.0 proleptic_gregorian 1996-01-01 2006-01-01 ocean_mass_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon ocean_mass_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mass_concentration_of_black_carbon_dry_aerosol_in_air Surface Concentration of Black Carbon Aerosol [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 water_flux_correction Water Flux Correction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 leaf_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Leaves Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 ocean_heat_y_transport_due_to_bolus_advection Ocean Heat Y Transport due to Bolus Advection [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 atmosphere_mass_content_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol Load of SO4 [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mass_concentration_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of SO4 [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 atmosphere_absorption_optical_thickness_due_to_ambient_aerosol Ambient Aerosol Absorption Optical Thickness at 550 nm [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_fraction_of_stratiform_cloud_liquid_water_in_air Mass Fraction of Stratiform Cloud Liquid Water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_litter_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Above-Ground Litter Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Litter carbon" is dead plant material in or above the soil quantified as the mass of carbon which it contains. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_silicon_in_sea_water cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_crop_harvesting Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Crop Harvesting Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 water_flux_into_sea_water alias: water_flux_into_ocean "Water" means water in all phases. The water flux into sea water is the freshwater entering as a result of precipitation, evaporation, river inflow, sea ice effects and water flux relaxation and correction (if applied). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_sea_water_velocity sea_water_y_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 volume_extinction_coefficient_in_air_due_to_ambient_aerosol [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K water_evaporation_flux_from_soil Water means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called sublimation.) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_water_volume Sea Water Volume [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m3 mole_concentration_of_diatoms_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Diatoms expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon from the diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica.Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-9 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_due_to_nitrate_utilization [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_ice_thickness sea_ice_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sea_ice_area_fraction sea_ice_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 square_of_sea_surface_temperature Square of Sea Surface Temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_altitude The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m sea_floor_depth_below_geoid Sea Floor Depth [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downward_y_stress surface_downward_y_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 mass_concentration_of_dust_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of Dust [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 ocean_heat_x_transport_due_to_diffusion Ocean Heat X Transport due to Diffusion [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W root_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Roots Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: including fine and coarse roots. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mass_fraction_of_cloud_ice_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sea_water_mass Sea Water Mass [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 litter_carbon_flux "Litter carbon" is dead inorganic material in or above the soil quantified as the mass of carbon which it contains. The litter carbon flux is the rate of production of litter. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_seasalt_dry_aerosol_in_air Surface Concentration of Seasalt [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 atmosphere_mass_content_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol Load of Dry Aerosol Organic Matter [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 vegetation_carbon_content vegetation_carbon_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 mass_fraction_of_convective_cloud_liquid_water_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). Convective cloud is that produced by the convection schemes in an atmosphere model. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_diatoms [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_seasalt_dry_aerosol_in_air Surface Concentration of Seasalt [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 sea_water_salinity sea_water_salinity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: psu mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K transpiration_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_phytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_upward_carbon_mass_flux_due_to_plant_respiration_for_biomass_maintenance Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Maintenance Autotrophic Respiration on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Plant respiration is the sum of respiration by parts of plants both above and below the soil. Plants which photosynthesise are autotrophs i.e."producers" of the biomass which they respire from inorganic precursors using sunlight for energy. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of Dry Aerosol Organic Matter [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 atmosphere_optical_thickness_due_to_pm1_ambient_aerosol Ambient Fine Aerosol Opitical Thickness at 550 nm [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 moisture_content_of_soil_layer moisture_content_of_soil_layer [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 net_primary_productivity_of_carbon_accumulated_in_roots Carbon Mass Flux due to NPP Allocation to Roots Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: This is the rate of carbon uptake by roots due to NPP Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_accumulated_in_roots [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_ice_area_fraction sea_ice_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 cloud_albedo ISCCP Mean Cloud Albedo [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 water_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers "Water" means water in all phases. The water flux or volume transport into sea water from rivers is the inflow to the ocean, often applied to the surface in ocean models. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_optical_thickness_due_to_ambient_aerosol Ambient Aerosol Opitical Thickness at 550 nm [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 moisture_content_of_soil_layer moisture_content_of_soil_layer [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_bidirectional_reflectance PARASOL Reflectance [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_mixing_scheme Monthly Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness De?ned by Mixing Scheme [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sea_ice_y_velocity sea_ice_y_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 ocean_volume Ocean Grid-Cell Volume [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m3 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_organic_detritus_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen".The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Organic detritus are particles of debris from decaying plants and animals.; unit: mol m-3 surface_downward_x_stress surface_downward_x_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 net_primary_productivity_of_carbon_accumulated_in_leaves Carbon Mass Flux due to NPP Allocation to Leaf Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: This is the rate of carbon uptake by leaves due to NPP Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_accumulated_in_leaves [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The Lagrangian tendency of a quantity is its rate of change following the motion of the fluid, also called the "material derivative" or "convective derivative". The Lagrangian tendency of air pressure, often called "omega", plays the role of the upward component of air velocity when air pressure is being used as the vertical coordinate. If the vertical air velocity is upwards, it is negative when expressed as a tendency of air pressure; downwards is positive.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa s-1 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 mole_concentration_of_organic_detritus_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen".The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Organic detritus are particles of debris from decaying plants and animals.; unit: mol m-3 wood_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Wood Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: including sapwood and hardwood. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 temperature_flux_due_to_evaporation_expressed_as_heat_flux_out_of_sea_water Temperature Flux due to Evaporation Expressed as Heat Flux Out of Sea Water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 net_downward_shortwave_flux_at_sea_water_surface net_downward_shortwave_flux_at_sea_water_surface [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_particulate_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 cell_thickness Ocean Model Cell Thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 global_average_thermosteric_sea_level_change Global Average Thermosteric Sea Level Change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_surface_height_above_geoid sea_surface_height_above_geoid [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K mass_fraction_of_cloud_liquid_water_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 ocean_heat_y_transport Ocean Heat Y Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W mass_concentration_of_dust_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of Dust [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 atmosphere_updraft_convective_mass_flux Updraught Convective Mass Flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_microzooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Microzooplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from the microzooplankton (<20 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where Xis a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Microzooplankton are zooplankton of less than 20 micrometers in size. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The Lagrangian tendency of a quantity is its rate of change following the motion of the fluid, also called the "material derivative" or "convective derivative". The Lagrangian tendency of air pressure, often called "omega", plays the role of the upward component of air velocity when air pressure is being used as the vertical coordinate. If the vertical air velocity is upwards, it is negative when expressed as a tendency of air pressure; downwards is positive.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa cloud_albedo ISCCP Mean Cloud Albedo [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 heat_flux_correction Flux correction is also called "flux adjustment". A positive flux correction is downward i.e. added to the ocean. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_mixing_scheme Monthly Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness De?ned by Mixing Scheme [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_basal_melting tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_basal_melting [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downward_eastward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward eastward" indicates the ZX component of a tensor. A downward eastward stress is a downward flux of eastward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium eastward and the upper medium westward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa global_average_steric_sea_level_change Global Average Steric Sea Level Change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_downward_x_stress surface_downward_x_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sea_water_potential_temperature sea_water_potential_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K net_primary_productivity_of_carbon Net primary productivity is the excess of gross_primary_producivity (rate of synthesis of biomass per unit area from inorganic precursors by autotrophs, or "producers", especially by photosynthesising plants using sunlight for energy) over the rate at which they themselves respire some of this biomass (plant_respiration, assuming all producers to be plants). "Productivity of carbon" refers to the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of Dry Aerosol Organic Matter [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 ocean_heat_x_transport Ocean Heat X Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W convective_cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. " X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". Convective cloud is that produced by the convection schemes in an atmo sphere model. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 sea_ice_albedo [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change Net Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmophere due to Net Ecosystem Productivity on Land. Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: Natural flux of CO2 (expressed as a mass flux of carbon) from the atmosphere to the land calculated as the difference between uptake associated will photosynthesis and the release of CO2 from the sum of plant and soil respiration and fire. Positive flux is into the land. emissions from natural fires + human ignition fires as calculated by the fire module of the DGVM, but excluding any CO2 flux from fire included in fLuc, defined below (CO2 Flux to Atmosphere from Land Use Change). Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. "All land processes" means plant and soil respiration, photosynthesis, animal grazing, crop harvesting, natural fires and anthropogenic land use change. "Anthropogenic land use change" means human changes to land, excluding forest regrowth. It includes fires ignited by humans for the purpose of land use change and the processes of eventual disposal and decomposition of wood products such as paper, cardboard, furniture and timber for construction. The quantity with standard name surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes is equal to the difference between the quantities with standard names surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change and surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_anthropogenic_land_use_change. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 toa_bidirectional_reflectance PARASOL Reflectance [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_molecular_oxygen_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air surface_molecular_oxygen_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_snow_conversion [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_lateral_growth_of_ice_floes Lateral Sea Ice Growth Rate Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table OImon: Monthly Mean Ocean Cryosphere Fields Comment in standard_output document: the rate of change of sea ice mass due to lateral growth alone of the sea ice divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell. Reported as 0.0 in regions free of sea ice. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Amount" means mass per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. An ice floe is a flat expanse of sea ice, generally taken to be less than 10 km across. "Lateral growth of ice floe" means the accumulation of ice at the extreme edges of the ice area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 effective_radius_of_cloud_liquid_water_particles_at_liquid_water_cloud_top effective_radius_of_cloud_liquid_water_particle_at_liquid_water_cloud_top [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 miscellaneous_living_matter_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Other Living Compartments on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: e.g., labile, fruits, reserves, etc. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Miscellaneous living matter" means all those parts of living vegetation that are not leaf, wood, root or other separately named components. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 net_downward_radiative_flux_at_top_of_atmosphere_model Net Downward Flux at Top of Model [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_fraction_of_cloud_liquid_water_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: not filled mole_concentration_of_dissolved_organic_carbon_in_sea_water "Mole concentration" means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Organic carbon" describes a family of chemical species and is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 leaf_area_index "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 square_of_upward_ocean_mass_transport Square of Upward Ocean Mass Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg2 s-2 surface_carbon_dioxide_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air surface_carbon_dioxide_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa fast_soil_pool_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Fast Soil Pool Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: fast is meant as lifetime of less than 10 years for reference climate conditions (20 C, no water limitations). Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. "Soil carbon" is the organic matter present in soil quantified by the mass of carbon it contains. Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organic matter decays. The decay process takes varying amounts of time depending on the composition of the organic matter, the temperature and the availability of moisture. A carbon "soil pool" means the carbon contained in organic matter which has a characteristic period over which it decays and releases carbon into the atmosphere. "Fast soil pool" refers to the decay of organic matter in soil with a characteristic period of less than ten years under reference climate conditions of a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and no water limitations. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_and_ice_sublimation_flux Sublimation over Sea Ice [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_deposition_and_runoff_and_sediment_dissolution tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_deposition_and_runoff_and_sediment_dissolution [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 heat_flux_into_sea_water_due_to_sea_ice_thermodynamics Heat Flux into Sea Water due to Sea Ice Thermodynamics [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 atmosphere_mass_content_of_seasalt_dry_aerosol Load of Seasalt [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water Phytoplankton Silica Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: sum of phytoplankton silica component concentrations Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 atmosphere_mass_content_of_black_carbon_dry_aerosol Load of Black Carbon Aerosol [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downward_y_stress surface_downward_y_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 water_flux_into_sea_water_due_to_sea_ice_thermodynamics Water Flux into Sea Water due to Sea Ice Thermodynamics [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 litter_carbon_content Carbon in Litter Pool [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 convection_time_fraction convection_time_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water_at_shallowest_local_minimum_in_vertical_profile mole_concentration_of_dissolved_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water_at_shallowest_local_minimum_in_vertical_profile [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 isccp_cloud_area_fraction ISCCP Cloud Area Fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 land_ice_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Land ice" means glaciers, ice-caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_phosphate_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. . [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 effective_radius_of_stratiform_cloud_liquid_water_particles Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Stratiform Cloud Liquid Water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m sea_water_salinity sea_water_salinity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: psu water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_water_potential_temperature sea_water_potential_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 square_of_sea_surface_height_above_geoid Square of Sea Surface Height Above Geoid [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 mole_concentration_of_phosphate_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. . [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 global_average_sea_level_change Global Average Sea Level Change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_concentration_of_miscellaneous_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Other Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Mass Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll from additional phytoplankton component concentrations alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. 'Miscellaneous phytoplankton' are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other seperately named components of the phytoplankton population. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_iron_in_sea_water cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_ice_x_transport sea_ice_x_transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 eastward_sea_water_velocity sea_water_x_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 subsurface_litter_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Below-Ground Litter Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Litter carbon" is dead plant material in or above the soil quantified as the mass of carbon which it contains. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_fixation tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_fixation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 sea_surface_temperature Sea surface temperature is usually abbreviated as "SST". It is the temperature of sea water near the surface (including the part under sea-ice, if any), and not the skin temperature, whose standard name is surface_temperature. For the temperature of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_temperature with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K mole_concentration_of_dissolved_organic_carbon_in_sea_water "Mole concentration" means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Organic carbon" describes a family of chemical species and is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 sea_ice_x_velocity sea_ice_x_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_fraction_of_cloud_ice_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 surface_downward_northward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward northward" indicates the ZY component of a tensor. A downward northward stress is a downward flux of northward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium northward and the upper medium southward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa slow_soil_pool_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Slow Soil Pool Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: fast is meant as lifetime of more than 100 years for reference climate conditions (20 C, no water limitations) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. "Soil carbon" is the organic matter present in soil quantified by the mass of carbon it contains. Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organic matter decays. The decay process takes varying amounts of time depending on the composition of the organic matter, the temperature and the availability of moisture. A carbon "soil pool" means the carbon contained in organic matter which has a characteristic period over which it decays and releases carbon into the atmosphere. "Slow soil pool" refers to the decay of organic matter in soil with a characteristic period of more than a hundred years under reference climate conditions of a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and no water limitations. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 number_concentration_of_cloud_liquid_water_particles_in_air_at_liquid_water_cloud_top number_concentration_of_cloud_liquid_water_particles_in_air_at_liquid_water_cloud_top [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m-3 surface_downward_mole_flux_of_molecular_oxygen surface_downward_mole_flux_of_molecular_oxygen [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_diatoms_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll from diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mass concentration' means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B containedin A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 mole_concentration_of_miscellaneous_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Miscellaneous Phytoplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from additional phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. 'Miscellaneous phytoplankton' are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other seperately named components of the phytoplankton population. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_upward_carbon_mass_flux_due_to_plant_respiration_for_biomass_growth Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Growth Autotrophic Respiration on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Plant respiration is the sum of respiration by parts of plants both above and below the soil. Plants which photosynthesise are autotrophs i.e."producers" of the biomass which they respire from inorganic precursors using sunlight for energy. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 square_of_sea_surface_temperature Square of Sea Surface Temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K2 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 precipitation_flux_onto_canopy Precipitation onto Canopy [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K mole_concentration_of_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ); unit: mol m-3 sea_surface_salinity The unit of salinity is PSU, which is dimensionless. The units attribute should be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand if salinity is in PSU. Sea surface salinity is often abbreviated as "SSS". For the salinity of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_salinity with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: psu sinking_mole_flux_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Calcite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of calcite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for aragonite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 gross_primary_productivity_of_carbon Gross primary productivity is the rate of synthesis of biomass per unit area from inorganic precursors by autotrophs, especially by photosynthesising plants using sunlight for energy. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is net_primary_producivity. "Productivity of carbon" refers to the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_black_carbon_dry_aerosol_in_air Surface Concentration of Black Carbon Aerosol [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 heterotrophic_respiration_carbon_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_surface_melting tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_surface_melting [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 medium_soil_pool_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Medium Soil Pool Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: medium is meant as lifetime of more than than 10 years and less than 100 years for reference climate conditions (20 C, no water limitations) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. "Soil carbon" is the organic matter present in soil quantified by the mass of carbon it contains. Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organic matter decays. The decay process takes varying amounts of time depending on the composition of the organic matter, the temperature and the availability of moisture. A carbon "soil pool" means the carbon contained in organic matter which has a characteristic period over which it decays and releases carbon into the atmosphere. "Medium soil pool" refers to the decay of organic matter in soil with a characteristic period of between ten and one hundred years under reference climate conditions of a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and no water limitations. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mass_concentration_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of SO4 [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon surface_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky Downwelling Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The Lagrangian tendency of a quantity is its rate of change following the motion of the fluid, also called the "material derivative" or "convective derivative". The Lagrangian tendency of air pressure, often called "omega", plays the role of the upward component of air velocity when air pressure is being used as the vertical coordinate. If the vertical air velocity is upwards, it is negative when expressed as a tendency of air pressure; downwards is positive.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa s-1 air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 sea_area_fraction Sea Area Fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 ocean_heat_x_transport_due_to_bolus_advection Ocean Heat X Transport due to Bolus Advection [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W virtual_salt_flux_into_sea_water_due_to_sea_ice_thermodynamics Virtual Salt Flux into Sea Water due to Sea Ice Thermodynamics [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 rainfall_flux rainfall_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 carbon_content_of_products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change Carbon Mass in Products of Land Use Change Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change" means the different end-products of wood that has been removed from the environment by deforestation. Examples are paper, cardboard, furniture and timber for construction. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites. "Anthropogenic" means influenced, caused, or created by human activity. [CF-Standard Name] cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change" means the different end-products of wood that has been removed from the environment by deforestation. Examples are paper, cardboard, furniture and timber for construction. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites. "Anthropogenic" means influenced, caused, or created by human activity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 carbon_mass_flux_into_soil_from_litter Total Carbon Mass Flux from Litter to Soil Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Litter" is dead plant material in or above the soil. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_silicon_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_silicon_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 soil_temperature Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K number_concentration_of_cloud_liquid_water_particles_in_air number_concentration_of_cloud_liquid_water_particles_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m-3 water_evaporation_flux_from_canopy Evaporation from Canopy [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 ocean_heat_y_transport_due_to_diffusion Ocean Heat Y Transport due to Diffussion [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W plant_respiration_carbon_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 atmosphere_mass_content_of_dust_dry_aerosol Load of Dust [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 depth_at_shallowest_local_minimum_in_vertical_profile_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water depth_at_shallowest_local_minimum_in_vertical_profile_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m upward_ocean_mass_transport Upward Ocean Mass Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_miscellaneous_phytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_ice_y_transport sea_ice_y_transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 effective_radius_of_convective_cloud_liquid_water_particles Convective Cloud Droplet Effective Radius [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m sea_water_pressure_at_sea_floor Sea Water Pressure at Sea floor [CF-Standard Name]; unit: dbar relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_pressure_at_cloud_top air_pressure_at_cloud_top [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_anthropogenic_land_use_change surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_anthropogenic_land_use_change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 downward_sea_ice_basal_salt_flux Downward Sea Ice Basal Salt Flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_mesozooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Mesozooplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from mesozooplankton (20-200 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where Xis a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Mesozooplankton are zooplankton ranging between 20 micrometers and 200 micrometers in size. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_fires_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_fires_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 sea_ice_thickness sea_ice_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m temperature_flux_due_to_rainfall_expressed_as_heat_flux_into_sea_water Temperature Flux due to Rainfall Expressed as Heat Flux into Sea Water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 soil_carbon_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 net_primary_productivity_of_carbon_accumulated_in_wood Carbon Mass Flux due to NPP Allocation to Wood Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: This is the rate of carbon uptake by wood due to NPP Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_accumulated_in_wood [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_cloud_top air_pressure_at_cloud_top [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa mole_concentration_of_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ); unit: mol m-3 NetCDF 1342511 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=IPIL95 information collection