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wdc-climate.de:3240538 eng; USA collection NGEMc2 Dr. Michael Lautenschlager Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum http://www.dkrz.de/ pointOfContact Dr. John P. Dunne Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov pointOfContact 2019-07-02T10:57:30 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 NOAA GFDL GFDL-ESM2M, abrupt4xCO2 experiment output for CMIP5 AR5, served by ESGF 2014-11-25 publication 1 NGEMc2 doi:10.1594/WDCC/CMIP5.NGEMc2 Dr. John P. Dunne Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: john.dunne@noaa.gov principalInvestigator Dr. John P. Dunne Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: john.dunne@noaa.gov author Jasmin G. John Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: jasmin.john@noaa.gov author Elena Shevliakova Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Elena.Shevliakova@noaa.gov author Adjunct Professor Ronald Stouffer Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: ronstouffer@gmail.com author Stephen M. Griffies Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Stephen.Griffies@noaa.gov author Sergey Malyshev Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Sergey.Malyshev@noaa.gov author P.C.D Milly Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: cmilly@usgs.gov author Lori Sentman Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: lori.sentman@noaa.gov author Alistair Adcroft Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Alistair.Adcroft@noaa.gov author William Cooke Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: william.cooke@noaa.gov author Krista A. Dunne Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: kadunne@usgs.gov author Robert Hallberg Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Robert.Hallberg@noaa.gov author Matthew Harrison Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Matthew.Harrison@noaa.gov author John P. Krasting Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: John.Krasting@noaa.gov author Hiram Levy Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Hiram.Levy@noaa.gov author Peter Phillipps Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: peter.phillipps@noaa.gov author Bonita L. Samuels Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: bonnie.samuels@noaa.gov author Michael J. Spelman Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Mike.Spelman@noaa.gov author Michael Winton Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: michael.winton@noaa.gov author Dr. Andrew T. Wittenberg Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Wittenberg@noaa.gov author Niki T. Zadeh Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov Email: Niki.Zadeh@noaa.gov author WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher 'abrupt4xco2' is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5. 6.3 abrupt4xco2 (6.3 Abrupt 4XCO2) - Version 1: Impose an instantaneous quadrupling of CO2, then hold fixed. Experiment design: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/experiment_design.html List of output variables: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/datadescription.html Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf) as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc. Dr. John P. Dunne Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov pointOfContact NetCDF CMIP5 GFDL-ESM2M IPCC IPCC-AR5 IPCC-DDC WGI abrupt4xCO2 climate simulation unrestricted: unrestricted eng; USA 0.0 360.0 -90.0 90.0 proleptic_gregorian 0001-01-01 0301-01-01 sea_floor_depth_below_geoid Sea Floor Depth [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m upward_geothermal_heat_flux_at_sea_floor Upward Geothermal Heat Flux at Sea Floor [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_altitude The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m mole_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_in_air Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-6 upward_x_stress_at_sea_ice_base upward_x_stress_at_sea_ice_base [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_silicon_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic silicon/silicate' means silicate ions in solution. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_downward_y_stress surface_downward_y_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa ocean_heat_x_transport_due_to_diffusion Ocean Heat X Transport due to Diffusion [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W ocean_heat_y_transport_due_to_diffusion Ocean Heat Y Transport due to Diffussion [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa mole_concentration_of_phosphate_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. . [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 square_of_ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t Square of Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness De?ned by Sigma T [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 mole_fraction_of_hcfc22_in_air Global Mean Mole Fraction of HCFC22 Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Amon: Monthly Mean Atmospheric Fields and Some Surface Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemicalformula for HCFC22 is CHClF2. The IUPAC name for HCFC22 is chloro-difluoro-methane. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-12 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_denitrification_and_sedimentation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 moisture_content_of_soil_layer moisture_content_of_soil_layer [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_picophytoplankton Net Primary Mole Productivity of Carbon by Picophytoplankton Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_mole_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_by_picophytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_downward_x_stress surface_downward_x_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 atmosphere_optical_thickness_due_to_pm1_ambient_aerosol Ambient Fine Aerosol Opitical Thickness at 550 nm [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downward_mole_flux_of_molecular_oxygen surface_downward_mole_flux_of_molecular_oxygen [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_miscellaneous_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Other Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Mass Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll from additional phytoplankton component concentrations alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. 'Miscellaneous phytoplankton' are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other seperately named components of the phytoplankton population. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 global_average_sea_level_change Global Average Sea Level Change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m mole_concentration_of_miscellaneous_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Miscellaneous Phytoplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from additional phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. 'Miscellaneous phytoplankton' are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other seperately named components of the phytoplankton population. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sea_water_salinity sea_water_salinity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: psu surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa sea_surface_height_above_geoid sea_surface_height_above_geoid [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_deposition_and_fixation_and_runoff Surface Downward Net Flux of Nitrogen Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Deposition of nitrogen into the ocean is the sum of dry and wet depositionof nitrogen species onto the ocean surface from the atmosphere. 'Nitrogen fixation' means the production of ammonia from nitrogen gas. Organisms that fix nitrogen are termed 'diazotrophs'. Diazotrophic phytoplankton can fix atmospheric nitrogen, thus increasing the content of nitrogen in the ocean. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage."tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 salt_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers Salt Flux into Sea Water from Rivers [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_water_age_since_surface_contact Sea Water Age Since Surface Contact [CF-Standard Name]; unit: yr ocean_y_overturning_mass_streamfunction_due_to_bolus_advection Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction due to Bolus Advection [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 sea_water_transport_across_line sea_water_transport_across_line [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 minimum_depth_of_calcite_undersaturation_in_sea_water minimum_depth_of_calcite_undersaturation_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m ocean_y_overturning_mass_streamfunction Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_iron_in_sea_water cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 miscellaneous_living_matter_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Other Living Compartments on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: e.g., labile, fruits, reserves, etc. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Miscellaneous living matter" means all those parts of living vegetation that are not leaf, wood, root or other separately named components. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_fixation tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_elemental_nitrogen_due_to_fixation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The Lagrangian tendency of a quantity is its rate of change following the motion of the fluid, also called the "material derivative" or "convective derivative". The Lagrangian tendency of air pressure, often called "omega", plays the role of the upward component of air velocity when air pressure is being used as the vertical coordinate. If the vertical air velocity is upwards, it is negative when expressed as a tendency of air pressure; downwards is positive.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_production Aragonite Production Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_silicon_in_sea_water cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_organic_detritus_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen".The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Organic detritus are particles of debris from decaying plants and animals.; unit: mol m-3 ocean_volume Ocean Grid-Cell Volume [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m3 grid_cell_area not filled; unit: m2 mass_concentration_of_picophytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Mass Concentration of Picophytoplankton expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll concentration from the picophytoplankton (<2 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 ocean_mass_x_transport Ocean Mass X Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 ocean_y_overturning_mass_streamfunction Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 heat_flux_into_sea_water_due_to_snow_thermodynamics Heat Flux into Sea Water due to Snow Thermodynamics [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K fast_soil_pool_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Fast Soil Pool Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: fast is meant as lifetime of less than 10 years for reference climate conditions (20 C, no water limitations). Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. "Soil carbon" is the organic matter present in soil quantified by the mass of carbon it contains. Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organic matter decays. The decay process takes varying amounts of time depending on the composition of the organic matter, the temperature and the availability of moisture. A carbon "soil pool" means the carbon contained in organic matter which has a characteristic period over which it decays and releases carbon into the atmosphere. "Fast soil pool" refers to the decay of organic matter in soil with a characteristic period of less than ten years under reference climate conditions of a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and no water limitations. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mass_fraction_of_cloud_ice_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_biological_production Aragonite Production Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Vertically integrated aragonite production Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_fraction_of_cfc11_in_air Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC11 Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Amon: Monthly Mean Atmospheric Fields and Some Surface Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of CFC11 is CFCl3. The IUPAC name for CFC11 is trichloro-fluoro-methane. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-12 mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sea_water_mass_per_unit_area Sea Water Mass Per Unit Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 ocean_mass_y_transport Ocean Mass Y Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 cell_thickness Ocean Model Cell Thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_silicon_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_silicon_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol Load of SO4 [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_nitrogen tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_nitrogen [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes surface_net_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_all_land_processes [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_picophytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Picophytoplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from the picophytoplankton (<2 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_molecular_oxygen_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air surface_molecular_oxygen_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_nitrate_utilization Primary Carbon Production by Phytoplankton due to Nitrate Uptake Alone Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Primary (organic carbon) production by phytoplankton due to nitrate uptake alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf: Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituentof Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. Itmeans that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omittingthe phrase. "Nitrate utilization" means net primary production of carbon by phytoplanktonbased on nitrate alone. "Production of carbon" means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (the rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs("producers"), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. In the oceans, carbon production per unit volume is often found at a number of depths at a given horizontal location. That quantity can then be integrated to calculate production per unit area at the location. Standard names for production per unit area use the term "productivity". "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The chemical formula for the nitrate anion is NO3-. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_iron_in_sea_water cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ); unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_organic_carbon_in_sea_water "Mole concentration" means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Organic carbon" describes a family of chemical species and is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_zooplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mass_concentration_of_diazotrophs_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Mass Concentration of Diazotrophs expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll concentration from the diazotrophic phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mass concentration' means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 mole_concentration_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation Mole Concentration of Aragonite expressed as Carbon in Sea Water at Saturation Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. Mole concentration at saturation means the mole concentration in a saturated solution.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_nitrogen_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Inorganic nitrogen' describes a family of chemical species which, in an ocean model, usually includes nitrite, nitrate and ammonium which act as nitrogen nutrients. 'Inorganic nitrogen' is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 compressive_strength_of_sea_ice compressive_strength_of_sea_ice [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-1 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 plant_respiration_carbon_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_iron_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic iron' means iron ions, in oxidation states of both Fe2+ and Fe3+, in solution. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_sea_water Downwelling Shortwave Radiation in Sea Water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 wood_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Wood Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: including sapwood and hardwood. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 ocean_y_overturning_mass_streamfunction_due_to_bolus_advection Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction due to Bolus Advection [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_concentration_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of SO4 [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 mole_concentration_of_organic_detritus_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen".The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Organic detritus are particles of debris from decaying plants and animals.; unit: mol m-3 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 mole_concentration_of_diazotrophs_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Diazotrophs Expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from the diazotrophic phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 temperature_flux_due_to_rainfall_expressed_as_heat_flux_into_sea_water Temperature Flux due to Rainfall Expressed as Heat Flux into Sea Water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Aragonite Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: sum of particulate aragonite components (e.g. Phytoplankton, Detrital, etc.) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 ocean_barotropic_mass_streamfunction Ocean Barotropic Mass Streamfunction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 surface_upward_carbon_mass_flux_due_to_plant_respiration_for_biomass_growth Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Growth Autotrophic Respiration on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Plant respiration is the sum of respiration by parts of plants both above and below the soil. Plants which photosynthesise are autotrophs i.e."producers" of the biomass which they respire from inorganic precursors using sunlight for energy. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 ocean_heat_x_transport_due_to_bolus_advection Ocean Heat X Transport due to Bolus Advection [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W water_flux_into_sea_water_without_flux_correction Water means water in all phases. The water_flux_into_sea_water_without_flux_correction is the freshwater entering as a result of precipitation, evaporation, river inflow and sea ice effects. The total water flux including any flux relaxation(s) or correction(s) is described by the standard name water_flux_into_sea_water. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-9 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 water_evaporation_flux_from_soil Water means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called sublimation.) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, flux implies per unit area, called flux density in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_ice_y_transport sea_ice_y_transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_phytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa sea_ice_thickness sea_ice_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 mole_concentration_of_miscellaneous_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Miscellaneous Phytoplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from additional phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. 'Miscellaneous phytoplankton' are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other seperately named components of the phytoplankton population. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_net_primary_production_by_diatoms Diatom Primary Carbon Production Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Primary (organic carbon) production by the diatom component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Production of carbon" means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (the rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs ("producers"), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. In the oceans, carbon production per unit volume is often found at a number of depths at a given horizontal location. That quantity can then be integrated to calculate production per unit area at the location. Standard names for production per unit area use the term "productivity". Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_nitrogen_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_processes Rate of Change of Nitrogen Nutrient due to Biological Activity Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Net of biological terms in time rate of change of nitrogen nutrients (e.g. NO3+NH4) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Inorganic nitrogen" describes a family of chemical species which, in an ocean model, usually includes nitrite, nitrate and ammonium which act as nitrogennutrients. "Inorganic nitrogen" is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mole_concentration_of_picophytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Picophytoplankton expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from the picophytoplankton (<2 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_dissolution Aragonite Dissolution Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mass_concentration_of_diatoms_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll from diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mass concentration' means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B containedin A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 atmosphere_mass_content_of_seasalt_dry_aerosol Load of Seasalt [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_partial_pressure_of_carbon_dioxide_in_sea_water surface_partial_pressure_of_carbon_dioxide_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa atmosphere_mass_content_of_black_carbon_dry_aerosol Load of Black Carbon Aerosol [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 net_downward_shortwave_flux_at_sea_water_surface net_downward_shortwave_flux_at_sea_water_surface [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_carbon_due_to_runoff_and_sediment_dissolution Flux of Carbon Into Ocean Surface by Runoff and Sediment Dissolution Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Carbon supply to ocean through runoff and sediment dissolution (neglects gas exchange) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of termswhich together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 heat_flux_into_sea_water_due_to_iceberg_thermodynamics Heat Flux into Sea Water due to Iceberg Thermodynamics [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K mole_concentration_of_diatoms_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Diatoms expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon from the diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica.Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sea_water_mass Sea Water Mass [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_due_to_nitrate_utilization [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_frazil_ice_accumulation_in_leads tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_frazil_ice_accumulation_in_leads [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Calcite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of calcite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for aragonite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sea_ice_x_transport sea_ice_x_transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_miscellaneous_phytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 integral_wrt_depth_of_tendency_of_sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent_due_to_biological_processes cf:Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. 'sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent' is the total alkalinity equivalent concentration (including carbonate, nitrogen, silicate, and borate components). The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'wrt' means with respect to. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 square_of_sea_surface_temperature Square of Sea Surface Temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K2 leaf_area_index "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_diffuse_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_diffuse_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m mass_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of Dry Aerosol Organic Matter [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_snow_conversion [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mass_fraction_of_cloud_liquid_water_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sea_water_potential_density Sea Water Potential Density [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 sea_ice_area_fraction sea_ice_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_sea_ice_velocity eastward_sea_ice_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_iron_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_iron_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mass_concentration_of_picophytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Mass Concentration of Picophytoplankton expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll concentration from the picophytoplankton (<2 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 mole_concentration_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Aragonite Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: sum of particulate aragonite components (e.g. Phytoplankton, Detrital, etc.) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water_due_to_scavenging_by_inorganic_particles Nonbiogenic Iron Scavenging Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Dissolved Fe removed through nonbiogenic scavenging onto particles Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 land_ice_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Land ice" means glaciers, ice-caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 water_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers "Water" means water in all phases. The water flux or volume transport into sea water from rivers is the inflow to the ocean, often applied to the surface in ocean models. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 gross_primary_productivity_of_carbon Gross primary productivity is the rate of synthesis of biomass per unit area from inorganic precursors by autotrophs, especially by photosynthesising plants using sunlight for energy. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is net_primary_producivity. "Productivity of carbon" refers to the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic carbon' describes a family of chemical species in solution, including carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and the carbonate and bicarbonate anions. 'Dissolved inorganic carbon' is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 soil_temperature Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K sea_water_salinity sea_water_salinity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: psu tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_deposition_and_runoff_and_sediment_dissolution tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_deposition_and_runoff_and_sediment_dissolution [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 sea_water_volume Sea Water Volume [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m3 water_flux_into_sea_water_from_icebergs Water Flux into Sea Water From Icebergs [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 rainfall_flux rainfall_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 ocean_heat_y_transport_due_to_bolus_advection Ocean Heat Y Transport due to Bolus Advection [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_silicon_in_sea_water cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_downward_y_stress surface_downward_y_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 net_primary_productivity_of_carbon Net primary productivity is the excess of gross_primary_producivity (rate of synthesis of biomass per unit area from inorganic precursors by autotrophs, or "producers", especially by photosynthesising plants using sunlight for energy) over the rate at which they themselves respire some of this biomass (plant_respiration, assuming all producers to be plants). "Productivity of carbon" refers to the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_optical_thickness_due_to_ambient_aerosol Ambient Aerosol Opitical Thickness at 550 nm [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water Phytoplankton Silica Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: sum of phytoplankton silica component concentrations Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_downward_eastward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward eastward" indicates the ZX component of a tensor. A downward eastward stress is a downward flux of eastward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium eastward and the upper medium westward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa eastward_sea_water_velocity sea_water_x_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sea_water_pressure_at_sea_floor Sea Water Pressure at Sea floor [CF-Standard Name]; unit: dbar mass_concentration_of_black_carbon_dry_aerosol_in_air Surface Concentration of Black Carbon Aerosol [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 surface_downward_northward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward northward" indicates the ZY component of a tensor. A downward northward stress is a downward flux of northward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium northward and the upper medium southward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa atmosphere_mass_of_carbon_dioxide atmosphere_mass_of_carbon_dioxide [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 vegetation_carbon_content vegetation_carbon_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa sea_water_potential_temperature sea_water_potential_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 atmosphere_mass_content_of_dust_dry_aerosol Load of Dust [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 moisture_content_of_soil_layer moisture_content_of_soil_layer [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_mixing_scheme Monthly Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness De?ned by Mixing Scheme [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_phosphate_in_sea_water Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. . [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_net_primary_production_by_miscellaneous_phytoplankton Other Phytoplankton Carbon Production Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Primary (organic carbon) production by other phytoplankton components alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Production of carbon" means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (the rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs ("producers"), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. In the oceans, carbon production per unit volume is often found at a number of depths at a given horizontal location. That quantity can then be integrated to calculate production per unit area at the location. Standard names for production per unit area use the term "productivity". Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. "Miscellaneous phytoplankton" are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other seperately named components of the phytoplankton population. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water_due_to_grazing_of_phytoplankton [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_silicon_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_silicon_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_dissolution tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_dissolution [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 tendency_of_sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent_due_to_biological_processes Rate of Change of Alkalinity due to Biological Activity Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Net of biological terms in time rate of change of alkalinity Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent' is the total alkalinity equivalent concentration (including carbonate, nitrogen, silicate, and borate components). The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that thequantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X withrespect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Sinking Aragonite Flux Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 water_evaporation_flux_from_canopy Evaporation from Canopy [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 transpiration_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol Load of Dry Aerosol Organic Matter [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The Lagrangian tendency of a quantity is its rate of change following the motion of the fluid, also called the "material derivative" or "convective derivative". The Lagrangian tendency of air pressure, often called "omega", plays the role of the upward component of air velocity when air pressure is being used as the vertical coordinate. If the vertical air velocity is upwards, it is negative when expressed as a tendency of air pressure; downwards is positive.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa s-1 mole_fraction_of_cfc113_in_air Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC113 Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Amon: Monthly Mean Atmospheric Fields and Some Surface Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of CFC113 is CCl2FCClF2. The IUPAC name for CFC113 is 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-ethane. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-12 mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_silicon tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_silicon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_diatoms [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 water_flux_into_sea_water alias: water_flux_into_ocean "Water" means water in all phases. The water flux into sea water is the freshwater entering as a result of precipitation, evaporation, river inflow, sea ice effects and water flux relaxation and correction (if applied). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K temperature_flux_due_to_evaporation_expressed_as_heat_flux_out_of_sea_water Temperature Flux due to Evaporation Expressed as Heat Flux Out of Sea Water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_ice_transport_across_line sea_ice_transport_across_line [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_fires_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_fires_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mole_concentration_of_molecular_oxygen_in_sea_water Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ); unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphorus_due_to_biological_processes cf:'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is asingle term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic phosphorus/phosphate' means phosphate ions in solution. The chemical formula of the phosphate anion is PO4 with a charge of minus three. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 northward_sea_water_velocity sea_water_y_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 ocean_heat_y_transport Ocean Heat Y Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W net_primary_mole_productivity_of_carbon_by_diazotrophs Net Primary Mole Productivity of Carbon by Diazotrophs Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of net_primary_mole_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon_by_diazotrophs [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 root_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Roots Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: including fine and coarse roots. Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 sea_water_pressure_at_sea_water_surface Sea Water Pressure at Sea Water Surface [CF-Standard Name]; unit: dbar square_of_upward_ocean_mass_transport Square of Upward Ocean Mass Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg2 s-2 sea_ice_area_fraction sea_ice_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 moisture_content_of_soil_layer moisture_content_of_soil_layer [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa square_of_sea_surface_temperature Square of Sea Surface Temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water Phytoplankton Silica Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: sum of phytoplankton silica component concentrations Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_silicate_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_processes Rate of Change of Dissolved Inorganic Silicate due to Biological Activity Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Net of biological terms in time rate of change of dissolved inorganic silicate Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_silicon_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_processes [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mole_concentration_of_diatoms_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Diatoms expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon from the diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica.Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_organic_phosphorus_in_sea_water Sinking Particulate Organic Phosphorus Flux Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_net_primary_production_by_picophytoplankton Tendency of Mole Concentration of Organic Carbon in Sea Water due to Net Primary Production by Picophytoplankton Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Primary (organic carbon) production by the picophytoplankton (<2 um) component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Production of carbon" means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (the rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs ("producers"), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. In the oceans, carbon production per unit volume is often found at a number of depths at a given horizontal location. That quantity can then be integrated to calculate production per unit area at the location. Standard names for production per unit area use the term "productivity". Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_production tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphate_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_processes Rate of Change of Dissolved Phosphate due to Biological Activity Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Net of biological terms in time rate of change of dissolved phosphate Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:is alias of tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphorus_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_processes [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_net_primary_production_by_diazotrophs Tendency of Mole Concentration of Organic Carbon in Sea Water due to Net Primary Production by Diazotrophs Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Primary (organic carbon) production by the diazotrophic phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Production of carbon" means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (the rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs ("producers"), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. In the oceans, carbon production per unit volume is often found at a number of depths at a given horizontal location. That quantity can then be integrated to calculate production per unit area at the location. Standard names for production per unit area use the term "productivity". In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mole_concentration_of_diazotrophs_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Mole Concentration of Diazotrophs Expressed as Carbon in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: carbon concentration from the diazotrophic phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 region Region Selection Index [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sea_area_fraction Sea Area Fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 mass_concentration_of_dust_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of Dust [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 upward_y_stress_at_sea_ice_base upward_y_stress_at_sea_ice_base [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_crop_harvesting Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Crop Harvesting Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_iron tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_iron [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 atmosphere_absorption_optical_thickness_due_to_ambient_aerosol Ambient Aerosol Absorption Optical Thickness at 550 nm [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_organic_carbon_in_sea_water "Mole concentration" means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Organic carbon" describes a family of chemical species and is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon surface_downward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_anthropogenic_land_use_change surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_anthropogenic_land_use_change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 temperature_flux_due_to_runoff_expressed_as_heat_flux_into_sea_water Temperature Flux due to Runoff Expressed as Heat Flux into Sea Water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 downward_sea_ice_basal_salt_flux Downward Sea Ice Basal Salt Flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 water_flux_into_sea_water_due_to_sea_ice_thermodynamics Water Flux into Sea Water due to Sea Ice Thermodynamics [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_particulate_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_mixing_scheme Monthly Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness De?ned by Mixing Scheme [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m mole_fraction_of_methane_in_air Mole Fraction of CH4 [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-9 surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_natural_sources surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_natural_sources [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downward_x_stress surface_downward_x_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_optical_thickness_due_to_ambient_aerosol Ambient Aerosol Opitical Thickness at 550 nm [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_carbonate_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_fraction_of_cfc12_in_air Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC12 Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Amon: Monthly Mean Atmospheric Fields and Some Surface Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of CFC12 is CF2Cl2. The IUPAC name for CFC12 is dichloro-difluoro-methane. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-12 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_iron_due_to_sedimentation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 upward_ocean_mass_transport Upward Ocean Mass Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_carbon_due_to_sedimentation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 leaf_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Leaves Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_diazotrophs_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Mass Concentration of Diazotrophs expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll concentration from the diazotrophic phytoplankton component alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mass concentration' means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 sea_surface_salinity The unit of salinity is PSU, which is dimensionless. The units attribute should be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand if salinity is in PSU. Sea surface salinity is often abbreviated as "SSS". For the salinity of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_salinity with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: psu surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_diffuse_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_diffuse_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_sea_ice_velocity northward_sea_ice_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sinking_mole_flux_of_particulate_organic_nitrogen_in_sea_water Sinking Particulate Organic Nitrogen Flux Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 sinking_mole_flux_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Calcite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of calcite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for aragonite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_particulate_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_iron_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_processes Rate of Change of Dissolved Inorganic Iron due to Biological Activity Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Net of biological terms in time rate of change of dissolved inorganic iron Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Dissolved inorganic iron" means iron ions, in oxidation states of both Fe2+ and Fe3+, in solution. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mass_concentration_of_miscellaneous_phytoplankton_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Other Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Mass Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll from additional phytoplankton component concentrations alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. 'Miscellaneous phytoplankton' are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other seperately named components of the phytoplankton population. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_net_primary_production tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_net_primary_production [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 square_of_sea_surface_height_above_geoid Square of Sea Surface Height Above Geoid [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 soil_carbon_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 diffuse_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky cf:Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. A phrase assuming_condition indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. 'Diffuse' radiation is radiation that has been scattered by particles in the atmosphere such as cloud droplets and aerosols. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_grazing Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Grazing on Land Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. earth's surface). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 medium_soil_pool_carbon_content Carbon Mass in Medium Soil Pool Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Comment in standard_output document: medium is meant as lifetime of more than than 10 years and less than 100 years for reference climate conditions (20 C, no water limitations) Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. "Soil carbon" is the organic matter present in soil quantified by the mass of carbon it contains. Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere as the organic matter decays. The decay process takes varying amounts of time depending on the composition of the organic matter, the temperature and the availability of moisture. A carbon "soil pool" means the carbon contained in organic matter which has a characteristic period over which it decays and releases carbon into the atmosphere. "Medium soil pool" refers to the decay of organic matter in soil with a characteristic period of between ten and one hundred years under reference climate conditions of a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and no water limitations. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 minimum_depth_of_aragonite_undersaturation_in_sea_water Aragonite Saturation Depth Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Omon: Monthly Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: "Depth of aragonite saturation horizon (0 if < surface, ""missing"" if > bottom, if two, then the shallower)" Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. 'Undersaturation' means that a solution is unsaturated with respect to a solute. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. The "minimum depth of undersaturation", sometimes called the "saturation horizon", is the shallowest depth at which a body of water is an undersaturated solution of a named solute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphorus tendency_of_ocean_mole_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_phosphorus [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 mass_concentration_of_diatoms_expressed_as_chlorophyll_in_sea_water Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: chlorophyll from diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mass concentration' means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B containedin A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. Diatoms are single-celled phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica. Phytoplankton are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 sea_water_potential_temperature sea_water_potential_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K sea_ice_thickness sea_ice_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_carbon_dioxide_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air surface_carbon_dioxide_partial_pressure_difference_between_sea_water_and_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa mass_concentration_of_seasalt_dry_aerosol_in_air Surface Concentration of Seasalt [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 carbon_content_of_products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change Carbon Mass in Products of Land Use Change Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Lmon: Monthly Mean Land Fields, Including Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change" means the different end-products of wood that has been removed from the environment by deforestation. Examples are paper, cardboard, furniture and timber for construction. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites. "Anthropogenic" means influenced, caused, or created by human activity. [CF-Standard Name] cf:"Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change" means the different end-products of wood that has been removed from the environment by deforestation. Examples are paper, cardboard, furniture and timber for construction. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites. "Anthropogenic" means influenced, caused, or created by human activity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 sinking_mole_flux_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water Sinking Aragonite Flux Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 global_average_steric_sea_level_change Global Average Steric Sea Level Change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m convection_time_fraction convection_time_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 mole_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 heterotrophic_respiration_carbon_flux [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mass_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol_in_air Concentration of Dry Aerosol Organic Matter [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-3 mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_phytoplankton_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 ocean_heat_x_transport Ocean Heat X Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W mole_concentration_of_aragonite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation Mole Concentration of Aragonite expressed as Carbon in Sea Water at Saturation Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. Mole concentration at saturation means the mole concentration in a saturated solution.The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Aragonite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of aragonite is CaCO3. Standard names also exist for calcite, another polymorph of calcium carbonate. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 integral_wrt_depth_of_tendency_of_sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent integral_wrt_depth_of_tendency_of_sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-2 s-1 ocean_mass_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon ocean_mass_content_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 mole_fraction_of_nitrous_oxide_in_air Mole Fraction of N2O [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1e-9 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_phosphorus_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_iron_in_sea_water_due_to_dissolution_from_inorganic_particles Particle Source of Dissolved Iron Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Dissolution, remineralization and desorption of iron back to the dissolved phase Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:Dissolution, remineralization and desorption of iron back to the dissolved phase 'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity namedby omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water_at_saturation [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water mole_concentration_of_calcite_expressed_as_carbon_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water_due_to_biological_processes Rate of Change of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon due to Biological Activity Used in MIP table(s): CMOR Table Oyr: Annual Mean Ocean Fields, Including Biogechemical Fields Comment in standard_output document: Net of biological terms in time rate of change of dissolved inorganic carbon Code list created on 2012-10-16 out of standard_output document (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.xlsx ) cf:'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called"molarity", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Dissolved inorganic carbon" describes a family of chemical species in solution, including carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and the carbonate and bicarbonate anions. "Dissolved inorganic carbon" is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mol m-3 s-1 NetCDF 5639026 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=NGEMc2 information collection