2026-04-06T01:23:38Z http://dmoai.cloud.dkrz.de/oai/provider

oai:wdcc.dkrz.de:iso_3342041 2026-04-05T23:07:59Z iso-wdcc-doi

wdc-climate.de:3342041 eng; USA collection COSMO-CLM_siberia Dr. Katharina Klehmet Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled pointOfContact Dr. Katharina Klehmet Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled pointOfContact 2014-05-20T07:55:24 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 Regional climate model hindcasts for Siberia over the last decades based on the COSMO-CLM model driven by NCEP1 and ERA-40, run by Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht 2015-11-10 publication 1 COSMO-CLM_siberia doi:10.1594/WDCC/COSMO-CLM_siberia Dr. Katharina Klehmet Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled Email: Katharina,Klehmet@hzg.de principalInvestigator Dr. Katharina Klehmet Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled Email: Katharina,Klehmet@hzg.de originator Dr. Katharina Klehmet Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled Email: Katharina,Klehmet@hzg.de author Dr. Burkhardt Rockel Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled Email: Burkhardt.Rockel@hzg.de author WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher These are two atmospheric hourly hindcasts for Siberia using COSMO-CLM (CCLM) version 4.8_clm_11 with spectral nudging. The hindcast CCLM_sib_NCEP1 covers a period from 1948-2010 and has been performed using NCEP-R1 Reanalysis as global atmospheric forcing for the initialization and regional boundaries. The hindcast CCLM_sib_ERA40 was driven by ERA-40 from 1959-2001. CCLM uses a rotated grid with 76 x 76 grid points (without the sponge zone) and a grid point distance of 0.44 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 75 W, 35 N. In rotated coordinates the model area extends from 14.72 W to 18.28 E, 9.72 S to 27.68 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 41.2 W to 174.9 E, 42 N to 82.7 N. For all variables lon, lat and the value of the 18:00 time record for the last day is added. The output from the model run: Blizzard Dr. Katharina Klehmet Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled pointOfContact NetCDF COSMO-CLM climate simulation hindcasting model data regional modelling scientific use: For scientific use only eng; USA 41.2 174.9 42.0 82.7 calendrical 1948-01-01 2010-12-31 soil_temperature-atSurface Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: K surface_downward_eastward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward eastward" indicates the ZX component of a tensor. A downward eastward stress is a downward flux of eastward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium eastward and the upper medium westward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa precipitable water precipitable water; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downward_shortwave_flux_direct direct downward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_liquid_water "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_diffuse_upward_shortwave_flux_in_air diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 high_type_cloud_area_fraction High type clouds are: Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". X_type_cloud_area_fraction is generally determined on the basis of cloud type, though Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models often calculate them based on the vertical location of the cloud. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s surface_snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. For unit "m" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_liquid_water "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downward_northward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward northward" indicates the ZY component of a tensor. A downward northward stress is a downward flux of northward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium northward and the upper medium southward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa soil_temperature Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K boundary layer height boundary layer height; unit: m canopy_water_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Water" means water in all phases, including frozen i.e. ice and snow. "Canopy" means the plant or vegetation canopy. The canopy water is the water on the canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_diffuse_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. For unit "m" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitable water precipitable water; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m high_type_cloud_area_fraction High type clouds are: Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". X_type_cloud_area_fraction is generally determined on the basis of cloud type, though Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models often calculate them based on the vertical location of the cloud. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_downward_longwave_flux 3-h accum. LW down flux surface; unit: W m-2 lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downward_northward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward northward" indicates the ZY component of a tensor. A downward northward stress is a downward flux of northward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium northward and the upper medium southward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_diffuse_upward_shortwave_flux_in_air diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 soil_temperature-atSurface Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: K surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 s-2 toa_downward_shortwave_flux toa_downward_shortwave_flux; unit: W m-2 surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 canopy_water_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Water" means water in all phases, including frozen i.e. ice and snow. "Canopy" means the plant or vegetation canopy. The canopy water is the water on the canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 toa_downward_shortwave_flux toa_downward_shortwave_flux; unit: W m-2 boundary layer height boundary layer height; unit: m surface_downward_eastward_stress The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Downward eastward" indicates the ZX component of a tensor. A downward eastward stress is a downward flux of eastward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium eastward and the upper medium westward. The surface downward stress is the windstress on the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 soil_temperature Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downward_longwave_flux 3-h accum. LW down flux surface; unit: W m-2 lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_diffuse_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_longwave_flux_in_air (upward) upward lw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downward_shortwave_flux_direct direct downward sw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 s-2 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_longwave_flux_in_air (upward) upward lw radiation at the surface; unit: W m-2 NetCDF 155258 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=COSMO-CLM_siberia information collection n/a None n/a None n/a None