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oai:wdcc.dkrz.de:iso_3463686 2026-04-05T23:08:00Z iso-wdcc-doi

wdc-climate.de:3463686 eng; USA collection CXAF44CLCL Dr. Hans-Jürgen Panitz Karlsruher Institut für Technologie http://www.imk-tro.kit.edu pointOfContact Martina Schubert-Frisius Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled pointOfContact 2015-03-03T14:49:23 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 CORDEX simulations (evaluation, historical, rcp85, and rcp45) on a ca. 50 km grid over Africa based on CCLM4-8-17 forced by MPI-ESM-LR, EC-EARTH, CNRM-CM5 and HadGEM2-ES 2015-07-24 publication 1 CXAF44CLCL doi:10.1594/WDCC/CXAF44CLCL Dr. Hans-Jürgen Panitz Karlsruher Institut für Technologie http://www.imk-tro.kit.edu Email: hans-juergen.panitz@kit.edu author Martina Schubert-Frisius Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum http://www.dkrz.de/ Email: Martina.Schubert-Frisius@hzg.de author Dr. Alessandro Dosio Institute for Environment and Sustainability http://ccu.ei.jrc.it/ccu/ Email: alessandro.dosio@jrc.ec.europa.eu author WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher The data include daily, monthly, and seasonal variables of CORDEX experiments scaled down onto a ca. 50 km grid over Africa (acronym: AFR-44) based on the CCLM4-8-17 regional climate model. Each file contains a single variable and is formatted according to the CORDEX data protocol - meaning NetCDF-4 compressed, CF-1.4 compliant, with attributes and filenames according to the specified DRS. Data from any CORDEX experiment and with any CMIP5 global model forcing available and transfered from the ESGF to the long term archive WDCC at the time of publication are included. These are the experiments evaluation, historical, rcp85, and rcp45 using forcing data derived from the CMIP5 models MPI-ESM-LR, EC-EARTH, CNRM-CM5 and HadGEM2-ES. The data are provided on the model computational (native) grid. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Panitz Karlsruher Institut für Technologie http://www.imk-tro.kit.edu pointOfContact Martina Schubert-Frisius Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH not filled pointOfContact NetCDF AFR-44 CCLM4-8-17 CLMcom CMIP5 CORDEX climate simulation regional modelling scientific use: For scientific use only eng; USA -25.25 60.75 -46.25 42.75 multiple calendars 1949-12-01 2100-12-31 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_altitude The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 atmosphere_cloud_condensed_water_content "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 water_evaporation_flux "Water" means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: s wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 soil_frozen_water_content Soil Frozen Water Content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 wind_speed_of_gust Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.01 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m NetCDF 1716979 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=CXAF44CLCL information collection n/a None n/a None