2026-04-05T23:21:17Z http://dmoai.cloud.dkrz.de/oai/provider

oai:wdcc.dkrz.de:iso_3843799 2026-04-05T23:08:06Z iso-wdcc-doi

wdc-climate.de:3843799 eng; USA collection TOPOI-CS_COSMO-CLM M.Sc. Markus Thürkow Freie Universität Berlin http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/index.html pointOfContact M.Sc. Markus Thürkow Freie Universität Berlin http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/index.html pointOfContact 2019-04-16T17:09:04 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 TOPOI-CS_COSMO-CLM 2019-10-02 publication 1 TOPOI-CS_COSMO-CLM doi:10.26050/WDCC/TOPOI-CS_COSMO-CLM M.Sc. Markus Thürkow Freie Universität Berlin http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/index.html Email: markus.thuerkow@met.fu-berlin.de principalInvestigator Dr. Ingo Kirchner Freie Universität Berlin http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/index.html Email: ingo.kirchner@met.fu-berlin.de principalInvestigator M.Sc. Markus Thürkow Freie Universität Berlin http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/index.html Email: markus.thuerkow@met.fu-berlin.de author Dr. Emmanuele Russo Freie Universität Berlin http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/index.html Email: emmanuele.russo@env.ethz.ch author WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher High-resolution simulations of the palaeoclimate are carried out throughout Europe. A set of climate simulations will be performed, based on the so-called time slicing technique. The simulations are performed with the state-of-the-art regional climate model COSMO-CLM (cosmo_4.8_clm19) at a horizontal resolution of 0.44° longitude and 40 vertical levels. The COSMO-CLM is a non-hydrostatic RCM with rotated geographical coordinates and a terrain following height coordinate (Rockel et al., 2008), developed by the German Weather Service (DWD) of the COSMO model (Doms and Schättler, 2003). The ECHAM5 output is used as a boundary data set for the dynamic downscaling approach. Detailed information on the model set-up can be found in Russo and Cubasch (2016). Russo, E. and Cubasch, U.: Mid-to-late Holocene temperature evolution and atmospheric dynamics over Europe in regional model simulations, Clim. Past, 12, 1645-1662, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1645-2016, 2016. M.Sc. Markus Thürkow Freie Universität Berlin http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/index.html pointOfContact NetCDF COSMO-CLM paleoclimate simulation CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ eng; USA 0.0 358.875 -55.0 66.0 climate model time 2440-01-01 8265-12-31 air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed-at10m (maximum) wind_speed-at10m (maximum) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (minimum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none averaged solar downward radiation at top not filled; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none specific_humidity-at2m "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed_of_gust-at10m Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (maximum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none direct downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none eastward_wind-at10m "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none wind_speed_of_gust-at10m Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity-at2m relative_humidity-at2m [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area.; unit: none surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none downward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none northward_wind-at10m "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none soil surface temperature not filled; unit: none direct downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none air_temperature-at2m Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_liquid_water_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area.; unit: none downward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none downward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_ice_content atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice alias: atmosphere_cloud_ice_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none averaged solar downward radiation at top not filled; unit: none air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none northward_wind-at10m "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed-at10m (maximum) wind_speed-at10m (maximum) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area.; unit: none convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (minimum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_liquid_water_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none downward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none northward_wind-at10m "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (minimum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none specific_humidity-at2m "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_liquid_water_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity-at2m relative_humidity-at2m [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_liquid_water_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (minimum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity-at2m relative_humidity-at2m [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (maximum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none soil surface temperature not filled; unit: none air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (minimum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed_of_gust-at10m Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none downward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area.; unit: none air_temperature-at2m Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_ice_content atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice alias: atmosphere_cloud_ice_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area.; unit: none subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (minimum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none wind_speed-at10m (maximum) wind_speed-at10m (maximum) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (minimum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (maximum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none specific_humidity-at2m "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none averaged solar downward radiation at top not filled; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none eastward_wind-at10m "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none wind_speed-at10m (maximum) wind_speed-at10m (maximum) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none eastward_wind-at10m "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none averaged solar downward radiation at top not filled; unit: none large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (maximum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none northward_wind-at10m "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none specific_humidity-at2m "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_ice_content atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice alias: atmosphere_cloud_ice_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity-at2m relative_humidity-at2m [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none northward_wind-at10m "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_ice_content atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice alias: atmosphere_cloud_ice_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none northward_wind-at10m "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none wind_speed_of_gust-at10m Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none specific_humidity-at2m "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (maximum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none soil surface temperature not filled; unit: none precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed_of_gust-at10m Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none relative_humidity-at2m relative_humidity-at2m [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area.; unit: none upward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none specific_humidity-at2m "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none downward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity-at2m relative_humidity-at2m [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none eastward_wind-at10m "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none soil surface temperature not filled; unit: none surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed-at10m (maximum) wind_speed-at10m (maximum) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none soil surface temperature not filled; unit: none diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none eastward_wind-at10m "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity-at2m relative_humidity-at2m [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none northward_wind-at10m "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_ice_content atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice alias: atmosphere_cloud_ice_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed-at10m (maximum) wind_speed-at10m (maximum) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none surface_net_downward_longwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none water_evaporation_amount water_evaporation_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed_of_gust-at10m Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_liquid_water_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_ice_content atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice alias: atmosphere_cloud_ice_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none wind_speed_of_gust-at10m Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity. A gust is a sudden brief period of high wind speed. In an observed timeseries of wind speed, the gust wind speed can be indicated by a cell_methods of maximum for the time-interval. In an atmospheric model which has a parametrised calculation of gustiness, the gust wind speed may be separately diagnosed from the wind speed. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer "frozen_water" means ice. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_liquid_water_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none eastward_wind-at10m "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none net_downward_shortwave_flux_in_air "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (maximum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none direct downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none soil surface temperature not filled; unit: none cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none soil surface temperature not filled; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_liquid_water_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_cloud_ice_content atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice alias: atmosphere_cloud_ice_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none averaged solar downward radiation at top not filled; unit: none cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none eastward_wind-at10m "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none convective_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature-at2m (maximum) Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate-cell_method:time maximum]; unit: none large_scale_snowfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "Amount" means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse upward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none grid_northward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none direct downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none downward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none direct downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none air_pressure_at_sea_level sea_level means mean sea level, which is close to the geoid in sea areas. Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none averaged solar downward radiation at top not filled; unit: none surface_downward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none direct downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none atmosphere_water_vapor_content "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including content_of_atmosphere_layer are used. Atmosphere water vapor content is sometimes referred to as "precipitable water", although this term does not imply the water could all be precipitated.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none averaged solar downward radiation at top not filled; unit: none surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none duration_of_sunshine The WMO definition of sunshine is that the surface incident radiative flux from the solar beam (i.e. excluding diffuse skylight) exceeds 120 W m-2. "Duration" is the length of time for which a condition holds.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none large_scale_rainfall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none upward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none wind_speed-at10m (maximum) wind_speed-at10m (maximum) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none upward lw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none direct downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none subsurface_runoff_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none snow_melt_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area.; unit: none lwe_thickness_of_moisture_content_of_soil_layer "lwe" means liquid water equivalent. "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Quantities defined for a soil layer must have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the extent of the layer(s).[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: none diffuse downward sw radiation at the surface not filled; unit: none specific_humidity-at2m "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: none grid_eastward_wind [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: none NetCDF 3175145 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=TOPOI-CS_COSMO-CLM information collection