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wdc-climate.de:5165959 eng; USA collection NZ-PROXY_16yrWRF Elena Kropac Institute of Geography, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg not filled pointOfContact 2023-06-13T11:42:20 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 16-year WRF simulation for the Southern Alps of New Zealand 2023-07-12 publication 1 NZ-PROXY_16yrWRF doi:10.26050/WDCC/NZ-PROXY_16yrWRF Elena Kropac Institute of Geography, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg not filled Email: elena.kropac@fau.de principalInvestigator Elena Kropac Institute of Geography, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg not filled Email: elena.kropac@fau.de author Prof. Dr. Thomas Mölg Institute of Geography, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg not filled Email: thomas.moelg@fau.de author Prof. Dr. Nicolas James Cullen School of Geography, University of Otago not filled Email: nicolas.cullen@otago.ac.nz author WDC Climate at DKRZ publisher The climatological dataset was produced using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model, version 4.2.2, configured with two nested domains at 10 km (D1) and 2 km (D2) horizontal grid spacing. It covers most of the South Island of New Zealand and is centered over Brewster Glacier in the Southern Alps. The model was forced every three hours by ERA5 reanalysis data at its outer lateral boundaries. The dataset spans the period of 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2020, providing daily output in the outer domain (D1) and 3-hourly output in the innermost domain (D2). The data provided here are a selection of daily averages from the inner WRF domain (D2; 2-km grid spacing). They are distributed among three different file types containing 4-dimensional, 3-dimensional and time-invariant output variables, respectively. For the 4-dimensional fields, perturbation and base-state atmospheric pressure (WRF variables P and PB) and geopotential (PH and PHB) were combined to produce full model fields (PRES and GEOPT). Perturbation potential temperature (T) was converted to total potential temperature (THETA). Wind vectors (U,V, and W) were converted to mass points and rotated to earth coordinates. ------- Acknowledgements: The modeling and related research was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant no. 453305163. The authors gratefully acknowledge the scientific support and HPC resources provided by the Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU) of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) under the NHR project b128dc / ATMOS ("Numerical atmospheric modeling for the attribution of climate change and for model improvement"). NHR funding is provided by federal and Bavarian state authorities. NHR@FAU hardware is partially funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) – 440719683. Elena Kropac Institute of Geography, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg not filled pointOfContact NetCDF Atmospheric dynamics Ocean-atmosphere interaction WRF atmospheric model climatology dynamical downscaling model data model evaluation model-output regional climate simulation CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ eng; USA 164.722 173.8803 -47.6148 -41.344 standard 2005-01-01 2020-12-31 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/DFG//453305163/DE//Exploring the potential of coralline algae as climate proxy and for climate model evaluation: a Southern Hemisphere case study of New Zealand info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/DFG//440719683/DE//High Performance Compute Cluster soil_type A variable with the standard name of soil_type contains strings which indicate the character of the soil e.g. clay. These strings have not yet been standardised. Alternatively, the data variable may contain integers which can be translated to strings using flag_values and flag_meanings attributes.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 land_binary_mask X_binary_mask has 1 where condition X is met, 0 elsewhere. 1 = land, 0 = sea. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 vegetation_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Vegetation" means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_potential_temperature Potential temperature is the temperature a parcel of air or sea water would have if moved adiabatically to sea level pressure. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 area_type A variable with the standard_name of area_type contains either strings which indicate the nature of the surface e.g. land, sea, sea_ice, or flags which can be translated to strings using flag_values and flag_meanings attributes. These strings are standardised. Values must be taken from the area_type table. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 snowfall_amount snowfall_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mm humidity_mixing_ratio Humidity mixing ratio of a parcel of moist air is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 northward_wind-at10m "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: m s-1 air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa upward_heat_flux_at_ground_level_in_soil ground_level means the land surface (beneath the snow and surface water, if any). "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 Fraction of frozen precipitation not filled; unit: 1 mass_fraction_of_graupel_in_air specific graupel content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 mass_fraction_of_snow_in_air specific snow content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 precipitation_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Precipitation" in the earths atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mm geopotential Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 s-2 cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K sea_surface_skin_temperature The sea surface skin temperature is the temperature measured by an infrared radiometer typically operating at wavelengths in the range 3.7 - 12 micrometers. It represents the temperature within the conductive diffusion-dominated sub-layer at a depth of approximately 10 - 20 micrometers below the air-sea interface. Measurements of this quantity are subject to a large potential diurnal cycle including cool skin layer effects (especially at night under clear skies and low wind speed conditions) and warm layer effects in the daytime. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upward_water_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Water" means water in all phases, including frozen i.e. ice and snow. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface water flux is the result of precipitation and evaporation. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 hail_fall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Hail is precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, often restricted by a size convention to diameters of 5 mm or more. Reference: American Meteorological Society Glossary http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Hail. For diameters of less than 5 mm standard names for "graupel" should be used. Standard names for "graupel_and_hail" should be used to describe data produced by models that do not distinguish between hail and graupel. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mm humidity_mixing_ratio-at2m Humidity mixing ratio of a parcel of moist air is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: kg kg-1 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_longwave_emissivity Emissivity is the ratio of the power emitted by an object to the power that would be emitted by a perfect black body having the same temperature as the object. The emissivity is assumed to be an integral over all wavelengths, unless a coordinate of radiation_wavelength or radiation_frequency is included to specify either the wavelength or frequency. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 mass_fraction_of_liquid_precipitation_in_air "Mass fraction" is used in the construction "mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of X to the mass of Y (including X). A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Liquid_precipitation" includes both "rain" and "drizzle". "Rain" means drops of water falling through the atmosphere that have a diameter greater than 0.5 mm. "Drizzle" means drops of water falling through the atmosphere that have a diameter typically in the range 0.2-0.5 mm. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 Dominant vegetation category not filled; unit: 1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_fraction_of_cloud_ice_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass of X (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 mass_fraction_of_cloud_condensed_water_in_air cloud water/ice concentration, "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of Y to the mass ofX (including Y). [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa friction_velocity not filled; unit: m s-1 height Height is the vertical distance above the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m graupel_fall_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. Graupel consists of heavily rimed snow particles, often called snow pellets; often indistinguishable from very small soft hail except for the size convention that hail must have a diameter greater than 5 mm. Reference: American Meteorological Society Glossary http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Graupel. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: mm atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m sea_surface_temperature Sea surface temperature is usually abbreviated as "SST". It is the temperature of sea water near the surface (including the part under sea-ice, if any), and not the skin temperature, whose standard name is surface_temperature. For the temperature of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_temperature with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature-at2m Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: K eastward_wind-at10m "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name-vertical_coordinate]; unit: m s-1 surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_runoff_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: mm NetCDF 468252 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=NZ-PROXY_16yrWRF information collection