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wdc-climate.de:5275093 eng; USA collection HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 Mr. Bruce T. T. Calvert n/a n/a pointOfContact 2026-03-30T11:38:22 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Temperatures using Data from the Hadley Centre and the Climate Research Unit (Version 1.2) 2024-05-03 publication 1 HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 doi:10.26050/WDCC/HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 Mr. Bruce T. T. Calvert n/a n/a Email: brucetcalvert@gmail.com principalInvestigator Mr. Bruce T. T. Calvert n/a n/a Email: brucetcalvert@gmail.com author WDCC publisher HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 is a dataset of monthly gridded surface temperatures for the Earth during the instrumental period (since 1850). The name ‘HadCRU_MLE_v1.2’ reflects the dataset’s use of maximum likelihood estimation and observational data primarily from the Met Office Hadley Centre and the Climate Research Unit of the University of East Anglia. Source datasets used to create HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 include land surface air temperature anomalies of non-infilled HadCRUT5, sea surface temperature anomalies of HadSST4, sea ice coverage of HadISST2, the surface temperature climatology of Jones et al. (1999), the sea surface temperature climatology of HadSST3, land mask data of OSTIAv2, surface elevation data of GMTED2010, and climate model output of CCSM4 for a pre-industrial control scenario. HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 was generated using information from the Met Office Hadley Centre, the Climate Research Unit of the University of East Anglia, the E.U. Copernicus Marine Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research. Results of sensitivity tests using alternate sea ice source datasets from the Japanese Meteorological Agency (COBE-SST2) and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (modified G10010v2 appended with G02202v4) are also available. The primary motivation to develop HadCRU_MLE_v1.0 was to better account for spatially nonuniform warming across the planet. HadCRU_MLE_v1.0 better accounts for nonuniform warming by fitting an amplification function to observations to better account for spatially nonuniform warming trends, and by using differences in temperature climatologies and temperature anomalies between open sea and sea ice regions to better account for the impacts of changes in sea ice concentrations. These improvements increased the estimate of global mean surface temperature change during the instrumental period. HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 has additional improvements compared to HadCRUT5 Analysis, including correcting for a small underestimation of LSAT warming between 1961 and 1990, taking advantage of temporal correlations of observations, taking advantage of correlations between land and open sea observations, and better treatment of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. To support publication of the referenced research article in the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 was created to respond to suggestions by peer reviewers, including extended coverage until the end of 2023 and additional sensitivity tests. HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 includes mean surface temperature anomalies for each month from 1850 to 2023 and for each 5° latitude by 5° longitude grid cell. The maximum likelihood estimation approach allows for the estimated field of surface temperature anomalies to be temporally and spatially complete for the entire instrumental period and for the entire surface of the Earth. A 5° by 5° gridded 1961-1990 temperature climatology for HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 is available, although caution is advised when interpreting this temperature climatology since the source datasets used for temperature climatologies do not correspond perfectly with the source datasets used for temperature anomalies. Other information of HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 is available, including model parameters, the estimated amplification function, the internal variability pattern, the land area fractions, and the impacts of sea ice concentrations and the El Niño Southern Oscillation on surface temperature anomalies. Version 1.3 of HadCRU_MLE is now available, which includes updated source data ending in December 2024. Mr. Bruce T. T. Calvert n/a n/a pointOfContact ascii NetCDF El Niño Temperature amplification bias-correction climate change observational data sea ice CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ eng; USA -180.0 180.0 -90.0 90.0 gregorian 1850-01-01 2023-12-31 Median Estimate of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC surface_temperature_anomaly The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "anomaly" means difference from climatology. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Internal Variability Pattern Indices not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Median Estimate of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Internal Variability Pattern not filled; unit: 1 Amplification Factor for Regions of Open Sea not filled; unit: 1 Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Amplification Factor for Regions of Land or Sea Ice not filled; unit: 1 Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of 1961-1990 Surface Temperature Climatology not filled; unit: degC surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 Upper Bond of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Lower Bound of 95% Confidence Interval of 1961-1990 Surface Temperature Climatology not filled; unit: degC Impact of Sea Ice Concentrations on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC Impact of Internal Variability Patterns on Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly not filled; unit: degC ascii NetCDF 19475 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 information collection n/a None n/a None