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wdc-climate.de:5282851 eng; USA collection PMMXMC1TDIr1112 Dr. Clemens Schannwell Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ pointOfContact Dr. Uwe Mikolajewicz Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ pointOfContact 2025-01-15T00:00:00 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 PalMod2 MPI-M MPI-ESM1-2-1-CR transient-deglaciation-interactive (r1i1p1f2) 2025-02-07 publication 1 PMMXMC1TDIr1112 doi:10.26050/WDCC/PMMXMC1TDIr1112 Dr. Uwe Mikolajewicz Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: uwe.mikolajewicz@mpimet.mpg.de principalInvestigator Dr. Uwe Mikolajewicz Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: uwe.mikolajewicz@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Clemens Schannwell Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: clemens.schannwell@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Marie-Luise Kapsch Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: marie.kapsch@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Katharina Six Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: katharina.six@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Florian Andreas Ziemen Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum http://www.dkrz.de/ Email: florian.ziemen@dkrz.de author Dr. Meike Bagge Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe http://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/ Email: Meike.Bagge@bgr.de author Dr. Jean-Philippe Baudouin University of Tuebingen not filled Email: jean-philippe.baudouin@mnf.uni-tuebingen.de author Dr. Olga Erokhina Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: olga.erokhina@mpimet.mpg.de author Veronika Gayler Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: veronika.gayler@mpimet.mpg.de author Dr. Volker Klemann GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/ Email: volkerk@gfz-potsdam.de author Dr. Virna Loana Meccia Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: virna.meccia@mpimet.mpg.de author Anne Mouchet Université de Liège uliege.be Email: A.Mouchet@uliege.be author Dr. Thomas Riddick Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ Email: thomas.riddick@mpimet.mpg.de author WDCC publisher The transient simulation was performed with the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2 in coarse resolution (MPI-ESM-CR) coupled to the ice-sheet model mPISM and the solid-earth model VILMA. MPI-ESM includes the spectral atmospheric model ECHAM6.3 at T31 horizontal resolution (approx. 3.75°) and 31 vertical levels, the land surface vegetation model JSBACH3.2, and the primitive equation ocean model MPIOM1.6 with a nominal resolution of 3°. Embedded into MPIOM1.6 is an Eulerian iceberg model (Erokhina and Mikolajewicz 2024). mPISM is based on PISM0.7.3. and was employed using a polar stereographic grid with a resolution of 10 km in the northern hemisphere and 15 km for Antarctica. VILMA was used in its 1D configuration and discretized on a Gaussian F128 grid with a nominal resolution of 0.7°. The applied setup was introduced in detail in Mikolajewicz et al. (2024). Following an asynchronous spin-up from 46 ka to 26ka during which MPI-ESM was run with an acceleration factor of 10, the model was integrated without acceleration from a glacial state at 26 ka to the year 1950 with prescribed atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (Köhler et al., 2017) and insolation (Berger & Loutre, 1991). This simulation used annualy varying volcanic forcing (Schindlbeck-Belo et al., 2024). Forcing fields between MPI-ESM, mPISM, and VILMA as well as changes in the topography, glacier mask, river pathways, ocean bathymetry, and land-sea mask were updated every 10 years. The experiment was performed as part of a model ensemble that contains simulations differing in terms of their tuning parameters, parameterizations, bug fixes and volcanic boundary forcing. These differences are described according to the CMIP6 nomenclature, where r denotes the realization, i the initialization method, p differences in the physics and f in the forcing. The ensemble is described in detail in Mikolajewicz et al. (2024). This particular simulation corresponds to the simulation D1.4 in Mikolajewicz et al. (2024). Note that the time runs with an offset of +24051 years, meaning that the year range 50-25000 of the data set equals the years 25000-50 BP (Before Present). All data are global datasets with the exception of output from the ice sheet model where regional northern hemispheric and southern hemispheric domains are used. Dr. Clemens Schannwell Max Planck Institute for Meteorology https://mpimet.mpg.de/ pointOfContact Dr. Uwe Mikolajewicz Max Planck Institute for Meteorology http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/ pointOfContact NetCDF Deglaciation ECHAM6 Ice sheets JSBACH MPI-ESM MPI-ESM1-2-1-CR MPIOM PALMOD2 PMIP Paleoclimatology VILMA mPISM solid earth CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ eng; USA 0.0 360.0 -90.0 90.0 time before present (1950=0) 25000-01-01 0050-12-31 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/BMBF//01LP1915A/DE//PalMod2-WP1.1 cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 sea_area_fraction Sea Area Fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Floating Ice Shelf Comment: Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the floating land ice (floating ice shelf) portion of the grid cell divided by floating land ice (floating ice shelf) area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table ImonAnt; Table ImonGre; Table IyrAnt; Table IyrGre, provided in frequency(s): mon; yr, and for Realm(s): land; landIce. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 cell_thickness Ocean Model Cell Thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m mass_flux_of_carbon_into_litter_from_vegetation Total Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation to Litter Comment: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Vegetation' means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. 'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. The sum of the quantities with standard names mass_flux_of_carbon_into_litter_from_vegetation_due_to_mortality and mass_flux_of_carbon_into_litter_from_vegetation_due_to_senescence is mass_flux_of_carbon_into_litter_from_vegetation. Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table Lmon, provided in frequency(s): mon, and for Realm(s): land. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 northward_sea_water_velocity sea_water_y_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 ocean_meridional_overturning_mass_streamfunction Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Streamfunction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_runoff_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_upward_latent_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 sea_surface_temperature Sea surface temperature is usually abbreviated as "SST". It is the temperature of sea water near the surface (including the part under sea-ice, if any), and not the skin temperature, whose standard name is surface_temperature. For the temperature of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_temperature with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC sea_water_potential_temperature sea_water_potential_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC land_ice_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Land ice" means glaciers, ice-caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % land_ice_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Land ice" means glaciers, ice-caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % ocean_mass_y_transport Ocean Mass Y Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 net_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere Due to Net Primary Production on Land Comment: 'Production of carbon' means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs ('producers'), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. 'Productivity' means production per unit area. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table Lmon, provided in frequency(s): mon, and for Realm(s): land. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 water_flux_into_sea_water alias: water_flux_into_ocean "Water" means water in all phases. The water flux into sea water is the freshwater entering as a result of precipitation, evaporation, river inflow, sea ice effects and water flux relaxation and correction (if applied). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m3 s-1 surface_snow_melt_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. For unit "m day-1" the water equivalent of snow melt is given. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % sea_ice_area_fraction sea_ice_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_fires_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_fires_excluding_anthropogenic_land_use_change [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K ocean_heat_y_transport Ocean Heat Y Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W ocean_heat_x_transport Ocean Heat X Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m sea_surface_height_above_geoid sea_surface_height_above_geoid [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m ocean_mass_x_transport Ocean Mass X Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 sea_surface_temperature Sea surface temperature is usually abbreviated as "SST". It is the temperature of sea water near the surface (including the part under sea-ice, if any), and not the skin temperature, whose standard name is surface_temperature. For the temperature of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_temperature with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC outgoing_water_volume_transport_along_river_channel River Discharge Comment: Outflow of River Water from Cell Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table Eday, provided in frequency(s): day, and for Realm(s): land. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m3 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % land_ice_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Land ice" means glaciers, ice-caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: % leaf_area_index "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 water_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers "Water" means water in all phases. The water flux or volume transport into sea water from rivers is the inflow to the ocean, often applied to the surface in ocean models. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_incoming_shortwave_flux "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA incoming shortwave flux is the radiative flux from the sun i.e. the "downwelling" TOA shortwave flux. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % vegetation_carbon_content vegetation_carbon_content [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "longwave" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 snowfall_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_ice_surface_temperature sea_ice_surface_temperature [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K toa_outgoing_longwave_flux "longwave" means longwave radiation. "toa" means top of atmosphere. The TOA outgoing longwave flux is the upwelling thermal radiative flux, often called the "outgoing longwave radiation" or "OLR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level Air pressure at sea level is the quantity often abbreviated as MSLP or PMSL. Air pressure is the force per unit area which would be exerted when the moving gas molecules of which the air is composed strike a theoretical surface of any orientation. "Mean sea level" means the time mean of sea surface elevation at a given location over an arbitrary period sufficient to eliminate the tidal signals. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa sea_ice_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 transpiration_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_ice_thickness sea_ice_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m upward_ocean_mass_transport Upward Ocean Mass Transport [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 land_ice_surface_specific_mass_balance_flux Surface Mass Balance Flux Comment: Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice surface. Computed as the total surface mass balance on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell. A negative value means loss of ice Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table ImonAnt; Table ImonGre; Table IyrAnt; Table IyrGre, provided in frequency(s): mon; yr, and for Realm(s): land; landIce. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_snow_area_fraction surface_snow_area_fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % wind_speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity. Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) The wind speed is the magnitude of the wind velocity.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 sea_area_fraction Sea Area Fraction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % sea_surface_salinity The unit of salinity is PSU, which is dimensionless. The units attribute should be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand if salinity is in PSU. Sea surface salinity is often abbreviated as "SSS". For the salinity of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_salinity with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.001 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. "X_area_fraction" means the fraction ofhorizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 surface_altitude The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m land_ice_temperature Land ice means glaciers, ice-caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K bedrock_altitude Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level. "Bedrock" is the solid Earth surface beneath land ice, ocean water or soil. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m sea_surface_temperature Sea surface temperature is usually abbreviated as "SST". It is the temperature of sea water near the surface (including the part under sea-ice, if any), and not the skin temperature, whose standard name is surface_temperature. For the temperature of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of sea_water_temperature with a vertical coordinate axis should be used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: degC area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % sea_water_salinity sea_water_salinity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 0.001 soil_temperature Soil temperature is the bulk temperature of the soil, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K litter_mass_content_of_carbon Carbon Mass in Litter Pool Comment: 'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_carbon. Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table Eyr; Table Lmon, provided in frequency(s): mon; yrPt, and for Realm(s): land. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_air_pressure The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: % surface_downward_y_stress surface_downward_y_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 gross_primary_productivity_of_biomass_expressed_as_carbon Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere Due to Gross Primary Production on Land Comment: The rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors by autotrophs ('producers') expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. For example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is referred to as the net primary production. Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table E3hr; Table Lmon, provided in frequency(s): 3hr; mon, and for Realm(s): land. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 soil_moisture_content_at_field_capacity "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. The field capacity of soil is the maximum content of water it can retain against gravitational drainage. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_snow_amount surface_snow_amount [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 surface_downward_x_stress surface_downward_x_stress [CF-Standard Name]; unit: N m-2 runoff_flux Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, "runoff" refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 change_in_mean_sea_level_wrt_solid_surface The change in local mean sea level relative to the local solid surface, i.e. sea floor. The abbreviation "wrt" means "with respect to". A positive value means sea level rise.; unit: m area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % area_fraction "Area fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area. To specify which area is quantified by a variable of "area_fraction", provide a coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable of "area_type". Alternatively, if one is defined, use a more specific standard name of "X_area_fraction" for the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 water_evapotranspiration_flux Snow Evaporation Comment: Water here means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called 'sublimation'.) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. Unless indicated in the cell_methods attribute, a quantity is assumed to apply to the whole area of each horizontal grid box. Previously, the qualifier where_type was used to specify that the quantity applies only to the part of the grid box of the named type. Names containing the where_type qualifier are deprecated and newly created data should use the cell_methods attribute to indicate the horizontal area to which the quantity applies. Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table Eday, provided in frequency(s): day, and for Realm(s): land. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 land_ice_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Land ice" means glaciers, ice-caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % liquid_water_content_of_surface_snow Liquid Water Content of Snow Layer Comment: The total mass of liquid water contained interstitially within the whole depth of the snow layer of the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell. Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table Eday; Table LImon, provided in frequency(s): day; mon, and for Realm(s): land; landIce. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 convective_precipitation_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 sea_floor_depth_below_geoid Sea Floor Depth [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m dew_point_temperature Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_sea_water_velocity sea_water_x_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_snow_thickness surface_snow_thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The Lagrangian tendency of a quantity is its rate of change following the motion of the fluid, also called the "material derivative" or "convective derivative". The Lagrangian tendency of air pressure, often called "omega", plays the role of the upward component of air velocity when air pressure is being used as the vertical coordinate. If the vertical air velocity is upwards, it is negative when expressed as a tendency of air pressure; downwards is positive.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa s-1 surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 relative_humidity relative_humidity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: % cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 root_depth Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. The root depth is maximum depth of soil reached by plant roots, from which they can extract moisture.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m cell_area Model Grid-Cell Area [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m2 soil_moisture_content_at_field_capacity "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. The field capacity of soil is the maximum content of water it can retain against gravitational drainage. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 root_depth Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. The root depth is maximum depth of soil reached by plant roots, from which they can extract moisture.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m surface_altitude The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: m ocean_barotropic_mass_streamfunction Ocean Barotropic Mass Streamfunction [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg s-1 surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 surface_temperature The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The surface temperature is the (skin) temperature at the interface, not the bulk temperature of the medium above or below. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K sea_ice_y_velocity sea_ice_y_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor_due_to_sublimation_of_surface_snow_and_ice Surface Snow and Ice Sublimation Flux Comment: The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere. Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table Amon; Table CF3hr; Table CFsubhr; Table Eday; Table ImonAnt; Table ImonGre; Table LImon, provided in frequency(s): 3hrPt; day; mon; subhrPt, and for Realm(s): atmos; atmosChem; land; landIce. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 s-1 specific_humidity "specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 sea_ice_x_velocity sea_ice_x_velocity [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 surface_downward_heat_flux_in_sea_water surface_downward_heat_flux_in_sea_water [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mass_content_of_water_in_soil Total Soil Moisture Content Comment: the mass per unit area (summed over all soil layers) of water in all phases. Used for mip era 'CMIP6' in CMOR MIP table(s): Table Lmon; Table day, provided in frequency(s): day; mon, and for Realm(s): atmos; land. Codelist created on 2019-02-01 from https://github.com/PCMDI/cmip6-cmor-tables (CMOR Version=3.4; table_date(s):14 December 2018) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 NetCDF 3760021 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=PMMXMC1TDIr1112 information collection n/a None