2026-04-18T08:01:39Z http://dmoai.cloud.dkrz.de/oai/provider

oai:wdcc.dkrz.de:iso_5311436 2026-04-17T23:39:03Z iso-wdcc-doi

wdc-climate.de:5311436 eng; USA collection MACRO-2018 Lukas Pilz Heidelberg University not filled pointOfContact Dr. Sanam N. Vardag Heidelberg University not filled pointOfContact 2025-09-16T12:36:30 ISO 19115 ISO 19115-2:2009 MACRO-2018 - High-Resolution Simulation of CO and CO2 concentrations over German Metropolitan Areas for 2018 using WRF-Chem 2025-10-07 publication 1 MACRO-2018 doi:10.26050/WDCC/MACRO-2018 Lukas Pilz Heidelberg University not filled Email: lukas.pilz@iup.uni-heidelberg.de principalInvestigator Lukas Pilz Heidelberg University not filled Email: lukas.pilz@iup.uni-heidelberg.de author Hugo Denier van der Gon Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research tno.nl Email: hugo.deniervandergon@tno.nl author Hugo Denier van der Gon Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research tno.nl Email: hugo.deniervandergon@tno.nl author Hugo Denier van der Gon Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research tno.nl Email: hugo.deniervandergon@tno.nl author Dr. Theo Glauch Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt n/a Email: Theo.Glauch@dlr.de author Prof. Dr. Julia Marshall Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt n/a Email: Julia.Marshall@dlr.de author Dr. Sanam N. Vardag Heidelberg University not filled Email: sanam.vardag@uni-heidelberg.de author WDCC publisher This dataset aims to provide high-quality, high-resolution, long-term information on CO2 and CO concentrations and meteorology in German metropolitan areas as a basis for various research applications. Already existing applications of this data include the optimization of urban sensor networks for CO2 monitoring and verification, the investigation of satellite observation strategies for CO2 and CO, as well as comparisons with in-situ measurement data. This dataset contains 1km resolved CO2 and CO concentration fields as well as meteorology for the full year of 2018 in 5 metropolitan regions in Germany (Rhine-Neckar, Berlin, Rhine-Ruhr, Nuremberg, Munich). These domains are embedded in the Germany domain at 5km resolution and the Europe domain at 15km resolution. There are two simulations available using two different WRF-Chem v4.3.3 (https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF) configurations: One using Mellor-Yamada-Janjic as Boundary Layer scheme as well as Monin-Obukhov-Janjic as Surface Layer scheme and the other using Yonsei University as Boundary Layer scheme as well as MM5 as Surface Layer scheme. High resolution anthropogenic emission data as input for the model was prepared by TNO, the Netherlands following the description in Super et al. (2020). Biogenic emissions are from two versions of VPRM. VPRM v1 was prepared by J. Marshall (personal communication) and VPRM v2 was prepared using pyVPRM (Glauch et al, 2025). Background concentration data is from CAMS (GHG short-term forecast; experiment ID gqpe — IFS cycle CY43R1; Diamantakis and Agusti-Panareda, 2017, and Agusti-Panareda et al., 2017). Preparatory sensitivity studies were published in Pilz et al. 2026. More information and easy access to another version of this data can be found at https://atmo-iup-uhei.github.io/macro-2018/ Lukas Pilz Heidelberg University not filled pointOfContact Dr. Sanam N. Vardag Heidelberg University not filled pointOfContact NetCDF CO WRF co2 greenhouse gases simulation urban CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ eng; USA -11.5284 30.9256 38.5839 62.2694 standard 2018-01-01 2018-12-31 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/BMFTR//01LK2102D/DE//ITMS-M surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 specific_turbulent_kinetic_energy_of_air specific_turbulent_kinetic_energy_of_air; unit: m2 s-2 land_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 vegetation type vegetation type; unit: 1 friction_velocity not filled; unit: m s-1 geopotential_height Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m cloud_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. Cloud area fraction is also called "cloud amount" and "cloud cover". The cloud area fraction is for the whole atmosphere column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. The cloud area fraction in a layer of the atmosphere has the standard name cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_albedo The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called "turbulent" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 mole_fraction_of_carbon_monoxide_in_air Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: ppm upward_air_velocity vertical wind velocity A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 mole_fraction_of_water_vapor_in_air Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of water vapor is H2O. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness atmosphere boundary layer thickness [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m humidity_mixing_ratio Humidity mixing ratio of a parcel of moist air is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg kg-1 northward_wind "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 downward_heat_flux_at_ground_level_in_soil ground_level means the land surface (beneath the snow and surface water, if any). "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: W m-2 air_temperature Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K eastward_wind "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.) [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m s-1 vegetation_area_fraction "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X. "X_area" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell. "Vegetation" means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass.[CF-Standard Name]; unit: 1 ground_surface_skin_temperature not filled; unit: K height_above_mean_sea_level "Height_above_X" means the vertical distance above the named surface X. "Mean sea level" means the time mean of sea surface elevation at a given location over an arbitrary period sufficient to eliminate the tidal signals. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: m lake_binary_mask not filled; unit: 1 land_use_category not filled; unit: 1 mole_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_in_air Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: ppm soil_moisture_content "moisture" means water in all phases contained in soil. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: kg m-2 air_pressure air_pressure [CF-Standard Name]; unit: Pa air_potential_temperature Potential temperature is the temperature a parcel of air or sea water would have if moved adiabatically to sea level pressure. [CF-Standard Name]; unit: K NetCDF 6220308 https://www.wdc-climate.de/ui/entry?acronym=MACRO-2018 information collection